Performance of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison to conventional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of bone invasion in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC): a prospective study

Table 2 Categorical data

Age (years) range	63.6 ± 12.2 23–94
Sex (n)
Male/female	87/66
Localisation (n)
Right	65
Left	60
Anterior	21
Affecting right, left, and anterior region	7
Surgical procedure (n)
No bone resection	76
Bone resection	77
Partial mandibular resection	36
Mandibulectomy	24
Maxillary partial resection	17
Reconstruction (n)
Local or stalked flap	41
Microvascular radialis graft	85
Microvascular fibula graft	10
Other microvascular graft*	15
No information	2
Adjuvant therapy (n)
No further therapy	49
RCT	64
RT	35
Not specified	5
Histological results (n)
T1/T2/T3/T4/Tx	47/48/10/47/1
Mean tumor size	2.68 ± 1.42
N0/N1/N2a/N2b/N2c/N3/Nx	83/20/0/33/5/0/12
G1/G2/G3/Gx	18/99/33/3
Positive V/L/Pn	6/25/26
R0/R1/R2/Rx**	119/18/0/16
UICC stadium I/II/III/IVa/IVb	37/29/14/69/4
Detected bone invasion	45
Mean duration of follow-up (months)	27

RCT = radiochemotherapy, RT = radiotherapy alone, T1-4 = tumor size, N0-3 = nodal status, M = presence of distant metastases, G = grading, V = invasion into veins, L = invasion into lymphatic vessels, Pn = invasion into adjunct nerves, R0 = no residual tumor, R1 = microscopic residual tumor, R2 = macroscopic residual tumor, Rx = presence of a residual tumor cannot be assessed. *Other microvascular grafts were obtained from the scapula, vastus, anterolateral thigh, or soleus perforator flap. In two patients, no information was found about the reconstruction method that was used. **The data refer to the primary classification of the pathologist. Some patients who were classified as R1 received a second tumor resection and were finally classified as R0. Furthermore, some of the Rx patients were classified as R0 by the operator.

ISSN: 1472-6831