Table 1 Pathologic reaction scoring system

Severity of inflammation

Score

No inflammation

Absence of neutrophils and lymphocytes

0

Insignificant inflammation

Scattered presence of neutrophils and lymphocytes (< 5%)

1

Mild inflammation

Mild presence of neutrophils and lymphocytes (5–20%)

2

Moderate inflammation

Moderate presence of neutrophils and lymphocytes (20–50%)

3

Severe inflammation

Severe presence of neutrophils and lymphocytes (> 50%)

4

Connective tissue formation

Score

Absence of connective tissue

0

Granulation tissue

Newly formed tissue comprising numerous capillaries in fine connective tissue and some inflammatory cells

1

Fibrotic tissue

Hyperplasia of fibroblasts along with increased collagen fibers

2

Combination of granulation tissue and fibrotic tissue

3

Necrosis

Score

Absence of necrosis

0

Presence of necrosis

1

Severity of edema

Score

No

edema

0

Mild edema

0–30%

1

Moderate edema

30–60%

2

Severe edema

60–100%

3

Severity of congestion

Score

No congestion

1–3 capillaries

0

Mild congestion

3–6 capillaries

1

Moderate congestion

6–10 capillaries

2

Severe congestion

3

Osteogenesis

Score

Absence of newly formed bone

0

Presence of newly formed bone

1

Quality of osteogenesis

Score

Absence of newly formed bone

0

Calcified bone

Deposition of calcium and HA on fibrotic and necrotic tissues

1

Noncompact bone

Newly formed immature bone

2

Compact bone

With the Haversian system and mature bone structure

3

Dentin formation

4

Extent of inflammation, connective tissue formation, necrosis, edema, and congestion

Score

None

0

Lower third

1

Upper two-thirds

2

Entire tissue

3