Study Reference | Sample Size | Sample type | Micro-CT machine | Pixel size (Resolution) | Software used | Classification System | Technique | Results | Conclusion |
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[89] Elnour, M., A. Khabeer, and E. AlShwaimi 2016 | 100 | Maxillary second premolars | SkyScan 1172 X-ray scanner (Bruker Corp., Antwerp, Belgium) | 27.4 μm | SkyScan CT-Volume v2.2 (Bruker Corp., Antwerp, Belgium) | Vertucci’s classification | 100 s maxillary premolars were stored in 10% formalin followed by washing under water to remove the debris and then microscopic and radiographic evaluation was done. | Study revealed the following findings: one root-67%, two roots-30%, three roots-3%, one canal-30%, two canals-65%, three canals-5%, type I-17%, type II-7%, type III-9%, type and V- 23% and type VII-2%. Detailed description of canal orifice, apical foramen and apical delta was recorded which is as follows. One canal orifice: 55% Two canal orifices: 45% One apical foramen:34% Two apical foramina:50% Three apical foramina:11% Four apical foramina:4% Five apical foramina:1% In addition to this accessory canals were found in 8% of teeth, intercanal communication was also noticed in 8% of second premolar at different locations and isthmuses were in middle (1%) and coronal third (1%). | Study concluded that Saudi subpopulation had complex root anatomy of second maxillary premolars. |
[90] El Ashiry, E.A. and N.M. Farsi 2018 | 100 | Maxillary first molars | SkyScan micro-CT scanner (SkyScan 1172, SkyScan, Bruker, Belgium) | 13.4 μm | (SkyScan 1172, SkyScan, Bruker, Belgium) | Disinfection of all the molars was done by sodium hypochlorite (5.25%), then placed in normal saline for 24 h then micro-CT was performed. | Incidence of pulpal canal orifice: 47.37% (4), 35.09% (5), 10.53% (6) and 7.01% (3). | Study concluded that increased incidence of 4 and 5 pulpal canal orifice then 3 and 6 canal orifices. | |
[91] Alfouzan, K., et al. 2019 | 65 | Maxillary first and second molars | SkyScan 1172 (Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium) | 13.6 μm | CTAn software (Bruker microCT) | Pomeranz et al. classification | Extracted teeth were cleaned and stored in normal saline. | Among the included samples 80% of first molars had two MB canals and 17% had three. While 80% and 13% of second molar had two and three MB canals. Presence of MB2 canal at different level is as follows: Chamber floor: 70% (1st molar), 61% (2nd molar). 1 mm depth: 15% (1st molar), 18% (2nd molar). 2 mm depth: 3% (1st molar), 18% (2nd molar). Deeper than 2 mm: 4 (1st molar), 1 (2nd molar). Confluent canal type was dominant then independent and fin type. | 70% and 61% of MB2 canal could be easily found in 1st and 2nd maxillary molars among included Saudi population and the remaining MB2 canals were detected at deeper level. |