Table 5 Specifications of the studies
S.no | Study reference | Region | Ethical approval | Sample size | Method of sample size calculation | Calibration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | [47] Ghabbani, H.M., A.A. Marghalani, and H.R. Alabiri 2021 | Al‑Madinah Al‑Munawara | Yes | 1624 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
2 | [48] Mashyakhy, M 2019 | Jazan city | Yes | 822 | Not mentioned | Reported |
3 | [49] Mohamed, A.N., et al. 2021 | Qassim region | Yes | 376 | Not mentioned | Reported |
4 | [50] Alaboodi, R.A., S. Srivastava, and M.Q. Javed 2022 | Qassim region | Yes | 928 | Reported | |
5 | [51] Al-Dahman, Y., et al. 2019 | Riyadh | Yes | 454 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
6 | [52] Almohaimede, A., et al. 2022 | Riyadh | Yes | 1370 | Not mentioned | Reported |
7 | [53] Alobaid, M.A., et al. 2022 | Saudi-sub population | Yes | 1260 | Not mentioned | Reported |
8 | [54] Alshayban, M., et al. 2022 | Riyadh | Yes | 1769 | Not mentioned | Reported |
9 | [55] Alqedairi, A., et al. 2018 | Riyadh | No | 652 | Not mentioned | Reported |
10 | [56] Al‑Zubaidi, S.M., et al. 2021 | Hail city | Yes | 1000 | Not mentioned | Reported |
11 | [57] Mashyakhy, M 2021 | Jazan city | Yes | 710 | Not mentioned | Reported |
12 | [86] Maghfuri, S., et al. 2019 | Southern region of Saudi Arabia | No | 100 | Not mentioned | Not Reported |
13 | [32] Al-Zubaidi, S.M., et al. 2022 | Hail city | Yes | 1000 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
14 | [89] Elnour, M., A. Khabeer, and E. AlShwaimi 2016 | Easter province of Saudi Arabia | Yes | 100 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
15 | [58] Alfawaz, H., et al. 2019 | Riyadh | Yes | 734 | Not mentioned | Reported |
16 | [59] Alghamdi, F.T. and W.A. Khalil 2022 | Jeddah | Yes | 2400 | Mentioned | Reported |
17 | [60] Mashyakhy, M., et al. 2022 | Jazan city | Yes | 776 | Not mentioned | Reported |
18 | [61] Alam, F., et al. 2020 | Sakakah | Yes | 1504 | Not mentioned | Not Reported |
19 | [62] Algarni, Y.A., et al. 2021 | Aseer region | Yes | 216 | Not mentioned | Reported |
20 | [87] Chourasia, H., et al. 2017 | Southern region of Saudi Arabia | No | 100 | Not mentioned | Not Reported |
21 | [63] Al-Shehri, S., et al. 2017 | Riyadh & Dammam | Yes | 351 | Not mentioned | Reported |
22 | [64] Alamri, H.M., et al. 2020 | Al-kharj | No | 351 | Not mentioned | Not Reported |
23 | [65] Al-Habib, M. and M. Howait 2021 | Jeddah | Yes | 106 | Not mentioned | Reported |
24 | [88] Alrahabi, M. and M.S. Zafar 2015 | Al‑Madinah Al‑Munawara | Yes | 100 | Not mentioned | Not Reported |
25 | [66] Al-Fouzan, K.S., et al. 2013 | Riyadh | No | 470 | Not mentioned | Not Reported |
26 | [67] Mashyakhy, M., et al. 2022 | Jazan city | Yes | 624 | Not mentioned | Reported |
27 | [68] Mirza, M.B., et al. 2022 | Al-Kharj | Yes | 86 | Not mentioned | Reported |
28 | [69] Syed, G.A., et al. 2022 | Jeddah | Yes | 400 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
29 | [90] El Ashiry, E.A. and N.M. Farsi 2018 | Jeddah | Yes | 100 | Not mentioned | Reported |
30 | [91] Alfouzan, K., et al. 2019 | Riyadh | Yes | 65 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
31 | [70] Aldosimani, M.A., et al. 2021 | Riyadh | Yes | 1377 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
32 | [71] Alfawaz, H., et al. 2019 | Riyadh | No | 1210 | Not mentioned | Reported |
33 | [72] Alnassar, F., et al. 2022 | Riyadh | Yes | 145 | Not mentioned | Reported |
34 | [73] Mashyakhy, M., et al. 2019 | Southern region of Saudi Arabia | No | 174 | Not mentioned | Reported |
35 | [74] Mashyakhy, M., et al. 2021 | Jazan city | Yes | 657 | Not mentioned | Reported |
36 | [75] Al-Alawi, H., et al. 2020 | Riyadh and Al-kharj | Yes | 741 | Not mentioned | Reported |
37 | [30] Iqbal, A., et al. 2022 | Sakakah | Yes | 3420 | Mentioned (G power 3.1.9.4 software) | Reported |
38 | [76] Mashyakhy, M 2019 | Jazan city | Yes | 794 | Not mentioned | Reported |
39 | [77] Mirza, M.B 2022 | Al-kharj | Yes | 1880 | Not mentioned | Reported |
40 | [78] Almohaimede, A.A., et al. 2021 | Riyadh | Yes | 1328 | Not mentioned | Reported |
41 | [79] Alshammari, S.M., et al. 2023 | Sakakah | Yes | 286 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
42 | [80] Boreak, N.M., et al. 2022 | Jazan city | yes | 1666 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
43 | [81] Iqbal, A., et al. 2022 | Sakakah | Yes | 1443 | Mentioned | Reported |
44 | [82] Alhujhuj, R.R., et al. 2022 | Al-Asha | Yes | 123 | Not mentioned | Not reported |
45 | [83] Mashyakhy, M., et al. 2020 | Jazan city | Yes | 1433 | Not mentioned | Reported |
46 | [84] Mashyakhy, M. and A.S. Abu-Melha, 2021 | Jazan city | Yes | 5223 | Not mentioned | Reported |
47 | [85] Mashyakhy, M. Mashyakhy, M., et al. and G. Gambarini 2019 | Jazan city | No | 5254 | Not mentioned | Reported |