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Fig. 2 | BMC Oral Health

Fig. 2

From: Inflammatory cytokines mediating the effect of oral lichen planus on oral cavity cancer risk: a univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization study

Fig. 2

The overall framework of the proposed method

Notes: The total effect of OLP on OCC, β3, was derived using univariable MR (i.e. genetically predicted OLP as exposure and OCC as outcome). The indirect effect using a two-step approach (where β1 is the total effect of OLP on IL-13, and β2 is the effect of IL-13 on OCC adjusting for exposure) and the product method (β1 × β2). Proportion mediated was the indirect effect divided by the total effect (β1 × β2/β3). Abbreviations: OLP = oral lichen planus; OL = oral leukoplakia; OCC = oral cavity cancer; IL-13 = interleukin-13; IL-9 = interleukin-9; IVW = inverse variance weighted; SNP = single-nucleotide polymorphism.

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BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

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