Fig. 7

ART-loaded TCH suppressed MAPK signaling pathway in the maxilla of T2DM tooth extraction. A Network pharmacology analysis revealed the potential immunoregulatory mechanism of ART in T2DM. The top ten enriched pathways were illustrated. B Molecular docking of ART to MAPK and ERK1 proteins. C, D The protein levels of p38-MAPK, p-p38-MAPK, ERK1, and p-ERK1, were analyzed by WB and IHC (n = 3), which can be downregulated by ART-loaded TCH treating. The uncropped blots are displayed in Additional file 3. E Relative mRNA expression of MAPK (D) and ERK1 (E) was analyzed by PCR (n = 3). The 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group significantly decreased the mRNA expression of MAPK and ERK1 than the T2DM group (p < 0.01). Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus group; TCH, thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel group; Low, 50 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group; Medium, 100 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group; High; 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group