Table 1 Sociodemographic and medical characteristics of all participants (N = 310)
From: Epidemiology and risk factors of oral frailty among older people: an observational study from China
Variables | N (%) |
|---|---|
Sociodemographic | |
Age (years) | 70.0 (66.0, 74.0) |
Age group (years) | |
 60–69 | 132 (42.6) |
 70–79 | 157 (50.6) |
 80+ | 21 (6.8) |
Sex | |
> Female | 160 (51.6) |
 Male | 150 (48.4) |
Education level | |
 Illiteracy | 61 (19.7) |
 Primary school | 140 (45.2) |
 Middle school | 69 (22.2) |
 High school and above | 40 (12.9) |
Marriage | |
 Married | 258 (83.2) |
 Widowed/unmarried | 52 (16.8) |
Employment status | |
 Employed | 31 (10.0) |
 Retired | 240 (77.4) |
 Others | 39 (12.6) |
Living arrangement | |
 Living alone | 60 (19.4) |
 With spouse | 208 (67.1) |
 With children | 31 (10.0) |
 Others | 11 (3.5) |
Source of income | |
 Pension | 91 (29.4) |
 Child support or others | 62 (20.0) |
 Government subsidy | 157 (50.6) |
Monthly incomes | |
 <2000 | 217 (70.0) |
 2000–4000 | 48 (15.5) |
 >4000 | 45 (14.5) |
Lifestyle | |
 Alcohol drinking | 62 (20.0) |
Sedentary time | |
 <5 h/d | 218 (70.3) |
 5 ~ 8 h/d | 76 (24.5) |
 ≥ 8 h/d | 16 (5.2) |
 Smoking | 59 (19.0) |
 Passive smoking | 73 (23.5) |
 Tea drinking | 113 (36.5) |
Leisure activities | |
 Low | 192 (61.9) |
 Moderate | 40 (12.9) |
 High | 78 (25.2) |
Comorbidities | |
 Chronic disease | 212 (68.4) |
 Hypertension | 183 (59.0) |
 Coronary heart disease | 26 (8.4) |
 Rheumatoid arthritis | 9 (2.9) |
 Diabetes | 64 (20.6) |
 Gastritis | 16 (5.2) |
 Frailty | |
 Robustness | 132 (42.6) |
 Pre-frailty | 130 (41.9) |
 Frailty | 48 (15.5) |
 Depression | 77 (24.8) |