Fig. 2
Effects of LPS and PDLSC-CM on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Cells were cultured with LPS, PDLSC-CM, or LPS + PDLSC-CM for 7 or 14 days, and (A) ALP activity, B [Ca2+]i, and (D) Alizarin Red S staining (Scale bar, 200 μm) were assessed as described in the Materials and Methods. The panels (bars) denote a quantitative analysis of alizarin red S using image analysis software. The values are presented as the means ± SD (n = 5, *P < 0.05 vs. the control value; #P < 0.05 vs. the LPS value at each time point). C The protein levels of OCN, OSX, and RUNX2 were analyzed by western blot after 7 days of osteogenic induction. The X-ray films of western blot were cropped, and full-length X-ray films are presented in Supplementary data 5. The panels (bars) represent the mean ± SD for each condition determined from densitometry relative to β-actin (n = 3, *P < 0.05 vs. the control value; #P < 0.05 vs. the LPS value at each time point)