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Fig. 4 | BMC Oral Health

Fig. 4

From: The impact of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143 toothpaste on gingivitis and oral microbiota in adults: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial

Fig. 4

The use of GMNL®-143 toothpaste improves gingival index of mild to moderate gingivitis patients. The clinical assessments including gingival index (A), plaque index (B), halitosis (C), OHIP (D), or salivary IgA (E) of 17 enrolled patients with mild to moderate gingivitis that before and after using control (placebo) or GMNL-143 toothpastes were collected as the descriptions in Methods section. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test was used for statistical analyses. *, p < 0.05

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BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

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