Table 3 Distribution of clefts by type in small-scale, hospital/clinic-based epidemiological studies in African and other low- and middle income countries.

Africa

   Tanzania (this study)

240

49.2

11.7

39.2

1.92

-

   Kenya [4]

68

51.5

5.9

42.6

6.97

0.03

   Kenya [12]

368

52.7

5.7

41.6

1.24

ns

   Uganda [27]

47

40.4

12.8

46.8

2.47

ns

   Nigeria [35]

93

39.8

15.1

45.2

6.85

0.03

   Nigeria [24]

360

49.2

18.9

31.9

13.81

< 0.005

   Zambia [11]

331

58.3

3.9

37.8

1.74

ns

   Zimbabwe [36]

57

42.1

17.5

40.4

Asia

   China [37]

637

26.2

15.1

58.7

42.21

< 0.001

   Iran [38]

119

29.4

25.2

45.4

17.06

< 0.001

   Pakistan [34]

117

41.9

23.9

34.2

8.96

0.01

   Thailand [39]

153

23.5

20.9

55.6

26.41

< 0.001

South America

   Brazil [40]

154

33.1

14.3

52.6

9.95

< 0.01