Table 1 Medicaid-enrolled children (N = 25,993) by chronic condition subgroup

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

n = 4,415

n = 21,578

n = 6,965

n = 19,028

n = 14,759

n = 11,234

n = 14,757

n = 11,236

n = 20,429

n = 5,564

(17.0)

(83.0)

(26.8)

(73.2)

(56.8)

(43.2)

(56.8)

(43.2)

(78.6)

(21.4)

Ascribed factors

Age (years)

3-7

9,644 (37.1)

732 (16.6)

8,912 (41.3)*

413 (5.9)

9,231 (48.5)*

4,655 (31.5)

4,989 (44.4)*

6,060 (41.1)

3,584 (31.9)*

7,075 (34.6)

2,569 (46.2)*

8-12

11,321 (43.6)

2,452 (55.5)

8,869 (41.1)

4,305 (61.8)

7,016 (36.9)

6,982 (47.2)

4,339 (38.6)

6,542 (44.3)

4,779 (42.5)

9.248 (45.3)

2,073 (37.3)

13-14

5,028 (19.3)

1,231 (27.9)

3,797 (17.6)

2,247 (32.3)

2,781 (14.6)

3,122 (21.2)

1,906 (17.0)

2,155 (14.6)

2,873 (25.6)

4,106 (20.1)

922 (16.6)

Sex

Female

10,434 (40.1)

1,461 (33.1)

8,973 (41.6)*

2,502 (35.9)

7,932 (41.7)*

5,604 (38.0)

4,830 (43.0)*

5,627 (38.1)

4,807 (42.8)*

8,102 (39.7)

2,332 (41.9) †

Race/ethnicity

White

18,255 (70.2)

2,998 (67.9)

15,257 (70.7)*

4,892 (70.2)

13,363 (70.2)*

10,278 (69.6)

7,977 (71.0)*

9,916 (67.2)

8,336 (74.2)*

14,373 (70.4)

3,882 (69.8)*

Black

2,372 (9.1)

428 (9.7)

1,944 (9.0)

769 (11.0)

1,603 (8.4)

1,438 (9.7)

934 (8.3)

1,543 (10.5)

829 (7.4)

1,944 (9.5)

428 (7.7)

Other

1,944 (7.5)

263 (6.0)

1,681 (7.8)

411 (5.9)

1,533 (8.1)

1,058 (7.2)

886 (7.9)

1,203 (8.2)

741 (6.6)

1,529 (7.5)

415 (7.5)

Missing/Unknown

3,422 (13.2)

726 (16.4)

2,696 (12.5)

893 (12.8)

2,529 (13.3)

1,985 (13.4)

1,437 (12.8)

2,092 (14.2)

1,330 (11.8)

2,583 (12.6)

839 (15.1)

Chronic condition severity

Episodic

18,025 (69.3)

2,936 (66.5)

15,089 (69.9)*

4,784 (68.7)

13,241 (69.6)

10,891 (73.8)

7,134 (63.5)*

10,706 (72.5)

7,319 (65.1)*

15,231 (74.6)

2,794 (50.2)*

Life-Long

7,324 (28.2)

1,352 (30.6)

5,972 (27.7)

2,020 (29.0)

5,304 (27.9)

3,672 (24.9)

3,652 (32.5)

3,881 (26.3)

3,443 (30.6)

4,896 (24.0)

2,428 (43.6)

Malignancy

85 (0.3)

18 (0.4)

67 (0.3)

16 (0.2)

69 (0.4)

27 (0.2)

58 (0.5)

41 (0.3)

44 (0.4)

36 (0.2)

49 (0.9)

Catastrophic

559 (2.2)

109 (2.5)

450 (2.1)

145 (2.1)

414 (2.2)

169 (1.1)

390 (3.5)

129 (0.9)

430 (3.8)

266 (1.3)

293 (5.3)

Proximal factors

Child used preventive medical care in 2005

23,080 (88.8)

3,317 (75.1)

19,763 (91.6)*

5,562 (79.9)

17,518 (92.1)*

12,583 (85.3)

10,497 (93.4)*

12,722 (86.2)

10,358 (92.2)*

17,875 (87.5)

5,205 (93.5)*

Child used any dental care in 2005

15,398 (59.2)

2,456 (55.6)

12,942 (60.0)*

4,039 (58.0)

11,359 (59.7) ‡

8,605 (58.3)

6,793 (60.5)*

8,449 (57.3)

6,949 (61.8)*

12,217 (59.8)

3,181 (57.2)*

Immediate factors

Child had at least one Medicaid- enrolled sibling

17,449 (67.1)

2,799 (63.4)

14,650 (67.9)*

4,625 (66.4)

12,824 (67.4)

10,287 (69.7)

7,162 (63.8)*

10,077 (68.3)

7,372 (65.6)*

14,286 (69.9)

3,163 (56.8)*

Child had at least one Medicaid- enrolled adult

14,436 (55.5)

1,841 (41.7)

12,595 (58.4)*

3,377 (48.5)

11,059 (58.1)*

7,879 (53.4)

6,557 (58.4)*

7,999 (54.2)

6,437 (57.3)*

11,604 (56.8)

2,832 (50.9)*

Immediate factor

Rurality

Metropolitan

14,353 (55.2)

2,653 (60.1)

11,700 (54.2)*

4,071 (58.4)

10,282 (54.0)*

8,261 (56.0)

6,092 (54.2) ‡

8,391 (56.9)

5,962 (53.1)*

11,327 (55.4)

3,026 (54.4)

Urban adjacent to metropolitan

4,978 (19.2)

812 (18.4)

4,166 (19.3)

1,304 (18.7)

3,674 (19.3)

2,765 (18.7)

2,213 (19.7)

2,716 (18.4)

2,262 (20.1)

3,883 (19.0)

1,095 (19.7)

Urban non-adjacent to metropolitan

5,237 (20.1)

730 (16.5)

4,507 (20.9)

1,239 (17.8)

3,998 (21.0)

2,917 (19.8)

2,320 (20.7)

2,870 (19.4)

2,367 (21.1)

4,091 (20.0)

1,146 (20.6)

Rural

1,425 (5.5)

220 (5.0)

1,205 (5.6)

351 (5.0)

1,074 (5.6)

816 (5.5)

609 (5.4)

780 (5.3)

645 (5.7)

1,128 (5.5)

297 (5.3)

Distal factor

Child lived in a dental Health Professional Shortage Area

17,110 (65.8)

2,876 (65.1)

14,234 (66.0)

4,616 (66.3)

12,494 (65.7)

9,753 (66.1)

7,357 (65.5)

9,798 (66.4)

7,312 (65.1) ‡

13,555 (66.4)

3,555 (63.9) †