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Table 4 Dental utilization rates by chronic condition subgroups and across covariates

From: The relationship between body system-based chronic conditions and dental utilization for Medicaid-enrolled children: a retrospective cohort study

All children with a chronic condition

N = 25,993

 

Utilized any dental care in 2006

Utilized any diagnostic dental care in 2006

Utilized any preventive dental care in 2006

Utilized any routine restorative dental care in 2006

Utilized any complex restorative dental care in 2006

 

n = 15,147 (58.3)

n = 14,221 (54.7)

n = 12,874 (49.6)

n = 4,877 (18.8)

n = 2,356 (9.1)

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Main predictor variables (chronic condition subgroups)

          

Respiratory condition

          

 No

2,398

54.3*

2,188

49.6*

1,988

45.0*

759

17.2‡

337

7.6*

 Yes

12,749

59.1

12,033

55.8

10,886

50.4

4,118

19.1

2,019

9.4

Ear/nose/throat chronic condition

          

 No

3,940

56.6‡

3,629

52.1*

3,214

46.1*

1,315

18.9

532

7.6*

 Yes

11,207

58.9

10,592

55.7

9,660

50.8

3,562

18.7

1,824

9.6

Digestive condition

          

 No

8,473

57.4‡

7,917

53.6*

7,204

48.8‡

2,822

19.1

1,290

8.7‡

 Yes

6,674

59.4

6,304

56.1

5,670

50.5

2,055

18.3

1,066

9.5

Musculoskeletal condition

          

 No

8,384

56.8*

7,866

53.3*

7,225

49.0‡

2,655

18.0*

1,319

8.9

 Yes

6,763

60.2

6,355

56.6

5,649

50.3

2,222

19.8

1,037

9.2

Endocrine condition

          

 No

11,921

58.4

11,180

54.7

10,157

49.7

4,021

19.7*

1,870

9.2

 Yes

3,226

58.0

3,041

54.7

2,717

48.8

856

15.4

486

8.7

Cardiovascular condition

          

 No

13,597

58.3

12,754

54.6

11,593

49.7

4,402

18.9

2,098

9.0

 Yes

1,550

58.4

1,467

55.3

1,281

48.3

475

17.9

258

9.7

Hematologic condition

          

 No

14,143

58.1

13,278

54.6

12,018

49.4

4,579

18.8

2,224

9.1

 Yes

1,004

60.1

943

56.5

856

51.3

298

17.9

132

7.9

Catastrophic neurological condition

          

 No

14,865

58.6*

13,970

55.1*

12,635

49.8*

4,829

19.0*

2,303

9.1

 Yes

282

44.3

251

39.4

239

37.5

48

7.5

54

8.5

Cranofacial condition

          

 No

14,869

58.3

13,964

54.7

12,635

49.6

4,814

18.9‡

2,319

9.1

 Yes

278

58.4

257

54.0

239

46.4

63

13.2

37

7.8

Diabetes

          

 No

14,952

58.3

14,039

54.8

12,709

49.6

4,820

18.8

2,335

9.1‡

 Yes

195

55.6

182

51.9

165

47.0

57

16.2

21

 

Ascribed factors

          

Age (years)

          

 3–7

5,621

58.3*

5,357

55.5*

5,056

52.4*

1,675

17.4*

985

10.2*

 8–12

6,719

59.3

6,279

55.5

5,897

52.1

2,113

18.7

1,103

9.7

 13–14

2,807

55.8

2,585

51.4

1,921

38.2

1,089

21

268

5.3

Sex

          

 Female

6,256

60.0*

5,890

56.5*

5,287

50.7‡

1,998

19.1

951

9.1

 Male

8,891

57.1

8,331

53.5

7,587

48.8

2,879

18.5

1,405

9.0

Race/ethnicity

          

 White

10,855

59.5*

10,186

55.8*

9,156

50.2*

3,559

19.5*

1,716

9.4*

 Black

1,232

51.9

1,179

49.7

1,069

45.1

380

16.0

152

6.4

 Other

1,127

58.0

1,061

54.6

996

51.2

382

19.7

193

9.9

Missing/Unknown

1,933

56.5

1,795

52.5

1,653

48.3

556

16.2

295

8.6

Chronic condition severity

          

 Episodic

10,521

58.4*

9,886

54.8*

8,988

49.9*

3,537

19.6*

1,629

9.0

 Life-Long

4,305

58.8

4,045

55.2

3,619

49.4

1,269

17.3

670

9.1

 Malignancy

52

61.2

48

56.5

42

49.4

20

23.5

13

15.3

 Catastrophic

269

48.1

242

43.3

225

40.3

51

9.1

44

7.9

Proximal factors

          

Child used preventive medical care in 2005

          

 No

1,458

50.1*

1,346

46.2*

1,231

43.3*

488

16.8†

245

8.4

 Yes

13,689

59.3

12,875

55.8

11,643

50.4

4,389

19.0

2,111

9.1

Immediate factors

          

Child had at least one Medicaid-enrolled sibling

          

 No

4,898

57.3‡

4,588

53.7‡

4,102

48.0‡

1,399

16.4*

713

8.3†

 Yes

10,249

58.7

9,633

55.2

8,772

50.3

3,478

19.9

1,643

9.4

Child had at least one Medicaid-enrolled adult

          

 No

6,808

58.9

6,313

54.6

5,772

49.9

2,036

17.6*

956

8.3*

 Yes

8,339

57.8

7,908

54.8

7,102

49.2

2,841

19.7

1,400

9.7

Immediate factor

          

Rurality

          

 Metropolitan

8,499

59.2†

7,990

55.7†

7,395

51.5*

2,722

19.0

1,346

9.4

 Urban adjacent to metropolitan

2,855

57.4

2,670

53.6

2,371

47.6

890

17.9

433

8.7

 Urban non-adjacent to metropolitan

2,962

56.6

2,781

53.1

2,435

46.5

973

18.6

454

8.7

 Rural

831

58.3

780

54.7

673

47.2

292

20.5

123

8.6

Distal factor

          

Child lived in a dental Health Professional Shortage Area

          

 No

5,297

59.6†

4,932

55.5

4,482

50.5‡

1,662

18.7

812

9.1

 Yes

9,850

57.6

9,289

54.3

8,392

49.0

3,215

18.8

1,544

9.0

  1. Pearson Chi Square test to evaluate bivariate relationship between each chronic condition and outcome measure.
  2. * p < .0001.
  3. † p < .01.
  4. ‡ p < .05.
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