Association between gingival bleeding and gingival enlargement and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of subjects under fixed orthodontic treatment: a cross-sectional study

Zanatta, Fabricio Batistin; Ardenghi, Thiago Machado; Antoniazzi, Raquel Pippi; Pinto, Tatiana Militz Perrone; Rösing, Cassiano Kuchenbecker

doi:10.1186/1472-6831-12-53

Table 4 Univariate analysis between socioeconomic factors and oral clinical conditions related to domain-specific OHIP-14 scores

From: Association between gingival bleeding and gingival enlargement and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of subjects under fixed orthodontic treatment: a cross-sectional study

Variables	n (%)	Fl	Php	Psydisc	Phydisa	Psydisa	Sdisa	Hand
					Mean (±SD)
*Gender*		*p < 0.001**	*p0.926**	*p0.033**	*p < 0.001**	*p0.385**	*p > 0.999**	*p > 0.999**
Male	159 (48.1)	0.44 (0.49)	0.21 (0.53)	1.81 (1.21)	0.10 (0.30)	0.22 (0.71)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Female	171 (51.8)	0 (0)	0.29 (0.70)	2.07 (0.53)	0 (0)	0.30 (0.84)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Ethnicity		*p < 0.001**	*p0.728**	*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p0.124**	*p > 0.999**	*p > 0.999**
White	263 (79.7)	0.04 (0.21)	0.26 (0.66)	1.83 (0.94)	0.02 (0.16)	0.30 (0.84)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Non-White	67 (20.3)	0.86 (0.34)	0.20 (0.47)	2.4 (0.73)	0.14 (0.35)	0.11 (0.47)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Age (years)		p < 0.001**	p < 0.001**	p < 0.001**	p < 0.001**	p0.052**	p > 0.999**	p > 0.999**
14-19	162 (49.0)	0.11 (0.32)	0.30 (0.72)	2.16 (0.46)	0 (0)	0.36 (0.91)	0 (0)	0 (0)
20-24	121 (36.6)	0.27 (0.44)	0.13 (0.49)	1.52 (0.97)	0 (0)	0.23 (0.71)	0 (0)	0 (0)
25-30	47 (14.2)	0.40 (0.49)	0.38 (0.53)	2.29 (1.50)	0.36 (0.48)	0.04 (0.29)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Household Income		*p0.468**	*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p0.046**	*p 0.966**	*p > 0.999**	*p > 0.999**
≤ 5 wages	270 (81.8)	0.20 (0.40)	0.31 (0.68)	2.27 (0.57)	0.06 (0.24)	0.27 (0.81)	0 (0)	0 (0)
> 5 wages	60 (18.1)	0.25 (0.43)	0 (0)	0.50 (0.87)	0 (0)	0.23 (0.64)	0 (0)	0 (0)
*BMI* ( Kg / m ² )		*p < 0.001**	*p0.520**	*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p 0.032**	*p > 0.999**	*p > 0.999**
<25	296 (89.7)	0.14 (0.35)	0.25 (0.64)	1.88 (0.92)	0.03 (0.18)	0.30 (0.82)	0 (0)	0 (0)
≥ 25	34 (10.3)	0.82 (0.38)	0.23 (0.49)	2.55 (0.82)	0.20 (0.41)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
TUFOT (Months)		*p0.027**	*p < 0.001**	*p0.154**	*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p > 0.999**	*p > 0.999**
6-12	263 (79.7)	0.25 (0.43)	0.03 (0.25)	1.95 (0.52)	0 (0)	0.05 (0.32)	0 (0)	0 (0)
> 12	67 (20.3)	0.15 (0.36)	0.53 (0.82)	1.95 (1.28)	0.11 (0.32)	0.54 (1.07)	0 (0)	0 (0)
*DAI*		*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p > 0.999**	*p > 0.999**
*<30*	237 (71.8)	0.07 (0.25)	0.10 (0.37)	1.87 (0.94)	0.07 (0.25)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
*≥30*	93 (27.7)	0.58 (0.49)	0.62 (0.93)	2.15 (0.88)	0 (0)	0.95 (1.25)	0 (0)	0 (0)
*Dental floss*		*p < 0.001**	*p0.138**	*p < 0.001**	*p < 0.001**	*p0.094**	*p > 0.999**	*p > 0.999**
Users	81 (24.5)	0.39 (0.49)	0.24 (0.48)	1.50 (1.56)	0.20 (0.40)	0.12 (0.48)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Non-users	249 (75.5)	0.15 (0.36)	0.25 (0.67)	2.09 (0.53)	0 (0)	0.31 (0.86)	0 (0)	0 (0)
AGE
AGE	330 (100 %)	p0.003*	p* < 0.001**	p0.005*	p0.095*	p0.00*	-	-
WMGB
	330 (100 %)	p0.134*	p0.065*	p0.005*	p* < 0.001**	p0.71*	-	-

FL functional limitation; Php physical pain; Psydisc psychological discomfort; Phydisa physical disability; Psydisa psychological disability; Sdisa social disability; Hand handicap; AGE anterior gingival enlargement; BMI body mass index; TUFOT time under fixed orthodontic treatment; DAI dental aesthetic index; WMGB whole mouth gingival bleeding.
p* = Mann Whitney test; p** = Kruskall Wallis test; p*** = Spearman Correlation.

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ISSN: 1472-6831

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