Prevalence and factors related to dental caries among pre-school children of Saddar town, Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Conditional univariate logistic regression with random effects logistic regression analysis of oral hygiene factors related to dental caries

Variables	Conditional univariate logistic regression			Random effects logistic regression (Bootstrap)
Variables	p-value	Risk ratio	95% Confidence interval	p-value	95% Confidence interval
Use Toothbrush
Yes	Ref	-	-	-	-
No	0.375	1.140	0.853-1.522	0.187	(−0.082)-0.321
Miswak used
Yes	Ref	-	-	-	-
No	0.501	0.677	0.218-2.107	0.141	(−0.727)-3.002
Do not clean teeth at all
Yes	Ref	-	-	-	-
No	0.244	0.813	0.574-1.151	0.064	(−0.396)-(−0.002)
Frequency of brushing
Nil	Ref	-	-	-	-
Once	0.342	0.833	0.571-1.215	0.153	(−0.406)-0.076
Twice	0.711	0.929	0.629-1.372	0.576	(−0.317)-0.189
Thrice	0.447	0.824	0.501-1.356	0.265	(−0.528)-0.107
Occasionally	0.339	0.770	0.450-1.317	0.161	(−0.634)-0.047
Use Toothpaste
Yes	Ref	-	-	-	-
No	0.125	1.205	0.949-1.530	0.019	0.019-0.331
No sort of dentifrice used
Yes	Ref	-	-	-	-
No	0.710	0.942	0.690-1.288	0.577	(−0.269)-0.169
Gargles after meals
Yes	Ref	-	-	-	-
No	0.373	1.086	0.906-1.302	0.215	(−0.054)-0.207

ISSN: 1472-6831