The interactive association of smoking and drinking levels with presence of periodontitis in South Korean adults

BMC Oral Health

Table 1 Prevalence for periodontitis depending on the distribution of demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, oral health status, smoking level, or drinking levels

Characteristic		Periodontitis prevalence (%)	p-value
Sex	Male	34.7	<0.001
Sex	Female	23.6	<0.001
Age	19–39 years	12.0	<0.001
	40–59 years	39.4
	≥60 years	48.8
Education level	≤ Middle school	46.1	<0.001
Education level	≥ High school	22.7	<0.001
Household income	1st and 2nd quartile	33.7	<0.001
Household income	3rd and 4th quartile	26.1	<0.001
Marital status	Married	34.2	<0.001
	Single	9.1
	Widowed or divorced	40.2
Recent dental visit	Yes	27.5	<0.001
Recent dental visit	No	32.5	<0.001
Use of oral hygiene device	Yes	24.2	<0.001
	No	34.2	<0.001
	< 10	29.3	0.623
	≥ 10	28.8	0.623
Daily frequency of tooth brushing	< 3	33.0	<0.001
Daily frequency of tooth brushing	≥ 3	24.4	<0.001
The number of present teeth (including third molar)	< 28	41.9	<0.001
The number of present teeth (including third molar)	≥ 28	21.0	<0.001
Smoking	Yes	35.0	<0.001
	No	27.0	<0.001
	0 CPD	27.0	<0.001
	<15 CPD	25.7
	≥15 CPD	41.9
	0 PY	27.0	<0.001
	< 13 PY	18.2
	≥ 13 PY	51.7
Drinking	Yes	28.0	<0.001
	No	33.8	<0.001
	0 GPD	33.4	<0.001
	< 0.5GPD	24.9
	≥ 0.5 GPD	31.0
	0 GY	33.1	<0.001
	< 6.8 GY	21.0
	≥ 6.8 GY	35.1

CPD “cigarettes per day”, short-term smoking rate, PY “pack years”, long-term smoking rate
GPD “glasses per day”, short-term drinking rate, GY “glass years”, long-term drinking rate
^aSum of percentage values may not be 100 % due to missing information

ISSN: 1472-6831