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Table 4 Probing pocket depth (PPD [mm]) as primary outcome variable

From: Influence of obesity on the outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy - a systematic review

Author & year

Total number of patients

Age (mean ± SD)

Country

Outcome after 2 months

mean (± SD) at baseline – mean (± SD) at reassessment

Outcome after 3 months

mean (± SD) at baseline –

mean (± SD) at reassessment

Outcome after 6 months

mean (± SD)at baseline – mean (± SD) at reassessment

Outcome after 12 months

mean (± SD)at baseline – mean (± SD) at reassessment

Impact of obesity on the treatment - outcome

mean – reduction of PPD (± SD)

Al – Zahrani et al. 2012 [8]

Total number of patients:

40 (only women)

Normal-weight: 20

Obese: 20

Age:

Normal-weight: 43.4 (±7.8)

Obese: 44 (±8.4)

Country:

Saudi Arabia

Total sample:

2.65 (±0.47) – 2.44 (±0.41) p-value = 0.001

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

Normal-weight:

0.19 (±0.27)

Obese:

0.23 (±0.33)

p-value = 0.663 (n. sig.)

Bouaziz et al. 2015 [28]

Total number of patients:

36

Normal-weight: 18

Obese: 18

Age:

Range from 22 to 78

Normal-weight: 51.00 (±13.1)

Obese: 51.3 (±16.7)

p-value: n. sig.

Country:

France

n.r.

Normal-weight: 3.33 (±0.92) – 2.71 (±0.40)

p-value: n. sig.

Obese: 3.22 (±0.76) – 2.78 (±0.55)

p-value: n. sig.

Normal-weight: 3.33 (±0.92) 2.45 (±0.53)

p-value < 0.05

Obese: 3.22 (±0.76) – 2.43 (±0.49)

p-value < 0.05

n.r.

Summary of Multivariable Analysis

Results (Coefficient, 95 % Cl):

â–³ %PD > 5mm after 3 months to obese

(Model 2):

p-value = 0.02

â–³ %PD > 5mm after 6 months to obese

(Model 2):

p-value = 0.005

Nb â–³PD > 2mm after 3 months to Obese

(Model 2);

p-value = 0.02

Nb â–³PD > 2mm after 6 months to Obese

(Model 2);

p-value = 0.06 (n.sig.)

Duzagac et al. 2015 [29]

Total number of patients:

45

Normal weight patients with periodontitis (CPNW): 15

Obese patients with periodontitis (CPO):

15

Normal weight periodontally healthy control subjects (PHNW): 15

Age:

Range from 28 to 52

CPNW: 41.06 (±7.10)

CPO: 40.66 (±7.98)

PHNW: 39.66 (±6.53)

p-value: n. sig.

Country:

Turkey

n.r.

CPNW: 3.19 (±0.38) –2.51 – (±0.06)

p-value = 0.001

CPO: 4.10 (±0.50) – 2.55 (±0.45)

p-value = 0.001

n.r.

n.r.

Number of sites with PD < 4 mm:

Baseline:

CPO: 1706

CPNW: 1766

3 months:

CPO: 2214

CPNW: 2206

% of sites with PD < 4 mm:

Baseline:

CPO: 75.4

CPNW: 77.9

3 months:

CPO: 97.9

CPNW: 97.3

Similar clinical healing;

(n. sig.)

Number of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm:

Baseline:

CPO: 556

CPNW: 502

3 months:

CPO: 48

CPNW: 32

% of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm:

Baseline:

CPO: 48

CPNW: 22.1

3 months:

CPO: 2.1

CPNW: 2.7

Similar clinical

healing;

(n. sig.)

Eldin et al. 2013 [30]

Total number of patients:

26

Overweight: 12

Obese: 14

Age:

Range from 35 to 48

Country:

Egypt

n.r.

Overweight: 0.6 (±1.29) – 0.75 (±2.12)

p-value: n.r.

Obese: 3.15 (±2.43) – 1.59 (±2.34)

p-value: n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

Overweight:

0.784

Obese:

0.209

p-value = 0.326 (n. sig.)

Gonçalves et al. 2015 [31]

Total number of patients:

39

Without obesity: 21

With obesity: 18

Age:

Without obesity: 48.4(±9.5)

With obesity: 48.8 (±5.9)

p-value= 0.85 (n. sig.)

Country:

Brazil

n.r.

Without obesity: 3.4 (±0.6) – 3.0 (±0.5)

p-value: sig.

With obesity: 3.6 (±0.6) – 3.3 (±0.6)

p-value: sig.

Without obesity:

3.4 (±0.6)- 2.7 (±0.6)

p-value: sig.

With obesity:

3.6 (±0.6) – 3.0 (±0.5)

p-value: sig.

n.r.

Without obesity

Full-mouth sites:

0-3 months: 0.44 (±0.06)

0-6 months: 0.73 (±0.07)

Initially moderate sites

(PD 4-6mm):

0-3 months: 0.87 (±0.12)

0-6 months: 1.38 (±0.14)

Initially deep sites

(PD ≥ 7mm):

0-3 months: 1.86 (±0.25)

0-6 months: 3.00 (±0.23)

With obesity

Full-mouth sites:

0-3 months: 0.30 (±0.06)

0-6 months: 0.54 (±0.07)

Initially moderate sites

(PD 4-6mm):

0-3 months: 0.70 (±0.13)

0-6 months: 1.10 (±0.15)

Initially deep sites

(PD ≥ 7mm):

0-3 months: 1.22 (±0.26)

0-6 months: 2.30 (±0.24)

p-value

(<0.05)

0.08

0.04

0.31

0.16

0.07

0.04

Gonçalves et al. 2015 [32]

Total number of patients:

40

Non-obese: 20

Obese: 20

Age:

Non-obese: 48.5 (±9.3)

Obese: 50.0 (±4.5)

p-value = 0.52 (n. sig.)

Country:

Brazil

n.r.

Non-obese: 3.4 (±0.6) – 2.9 (±0.6)

p-value: sig.

Obese: 3.6 (±0.6) – 3.3 (±0.5)

p-value: sig.

Non-obese: 3.4 (±0.6) – 2.7 (±0.6)

p-value: sig.

Obese: 3.6 (±0.6) – 3.0 (±0.5)

p-value: sig.

Non-obese: 3.4 (±0.6) – 2.6 (±0.6)

p-value: sig.

Obese: 3.6 (±0.6) – 2.9 (±0.4)

p-value: sig.

Mean PPD values (± SD):

After 3 months:

Non-obese: 2.9 (±0.6)

Obese: 3.3 (±0.5)

p = 0.25 (n. sig.)

After 6 months:

Non-obese: 2.7 (±0.6)

Obese: 3.0 (±0.5)

p = 0.04

After 12 months:

Non-obese: 2.6 (±0.6)

Obese: 2.9 (±0.4)

p = 0.03

Lakkis et al. 2011 [33]

Total number of patients:

30

Surgery: 15

Control: 15

Age:

Surgery: 45.6 (±11.1)

Control: 48.5 (±12.0)

p-value = 0.778 (n. sig.)

Country:

USA (Cleveland, Ohio)

4-6 weeks after therapy!

Surgery:

2.6 (±0.6) – 2.2 (±0.5)

p-value < 0.001

Control:

3.1 (±0.8) – 2.8 (±0.7)

p-value < 0.001

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

Surgery:

0.45

Control:

0.28

p-value = 0.007

Suvan et al. 2014 [34]

Total number of patients:

260

Normal: 112

Overweight: 93

Obese: 55

Age:

Normal: 46.30 (±8.38)

Overweight: 47.27 (±8.93)

Obese: 46.55 (±6.87)

p-value = 0.701 (n. sig.)

Country:

Great Britain (London)

Summary of univariable GEE Analysis Results (Coefficient, 95 % Cl):

BMI [kg/m2] to PPD at 2 months

p-value = 0.055

Overweight to PPD at 2 months

p-value = 0.372 (n. sig.)

Obese to PPD at 2 months

p-value = 0.064 (n. sig.)

Summary of Multivariable GEE Analysis Results (Coefficient, 95 % Cl):

BMI [kg/m2] to PPD at 2 months

p-value = 0.013

Overweight to PPD at 2 months

p-value = 0.63 (n. sig.)

Obese to PPD at 2 months

p-value = 0.031

n.r.

n.r.

n.r.

BMI and obesity were sig. associated with mean PPD after 2 months. (p = 0.055)

Overweight was not sig. associated with PPD after 2 months (p = 0.372)

BMI had a stat. sig. linear relationship with mean PPD after 2 months (p = 0.013).

Overweight compared with normal BMI status did not demonstrate a stat. sig. association with mean PPD after 2 months (p = 0.63). Obesity compared with normal BMI status remained a stat. sig. predictor of mean PPD (p = 0.031) at 2 months in the same multivariable model.

  1. CI confidence interval, CPNW normal weight patients with periodontitis, CPO obese patients with periodontitis, kg kilogram, m meter, mm millimeter, Nb ∆ PD number of improving PD, n.r. not reported, PD probing depth, PHNW normal weight periodontally healthy control subjects, PPD periodontal pocket depth, p probability, SD standard deviation, (n.) sig. (not) significant, stat. statistically, WHO world health organisation
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BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

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