The differences in healthcare utilization for dental caries based on the implementation of water fluoridation in South Korea

Cho, Myung-Soo; Han, Kyu-Tae; Park, Sohee; Moon, Ki Tae; Park, Eun-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0311-z

Table 2 The averages and standard deviations of dental care visits and costs for patients who visited dental care through outpatient care†

From: The differences in healthcare utilization for dental caries based on the implementation of water fluoridation in South Korea

Variables	Water flouridation						P-value	Water flouridation						P-value†
	Yes			No				Yes			No
	Number of dental care visits		P-value	Number of dental care visits		P-value		Dental care costs (KRW)		P-value	Dental care costs (KRW)		P-value
	Mean	SD	P-value	Mean	SD	P-value		Mean	SD	P-value	Mean	SD	P-value
Individual variables
Sex
Male	0.28	±0.75	<.0001	0.30	±0.79	<.0001	0.9079	8485.36	±26,233.38	0.0167	8758.21	±27,035.59	<.0001	0.6855
Female	0.29	±0.77	<.0001	0.30	±0.81	<.0001	0.9079	8567.78	±26,234.69	0.0167	8790.68	±26,725.42	<.0001	0.6855
Age (Years)
-19	0.38	±0.90	<.0001	0.42	±0.95	<.0001	<.0001	12358.18	±32,803.66	<.0001	12790.26	±33,474.42	<.0001	0.2527
20–29	0.26	±0.72		0.27	±0.76			7478.72	±24,358.22		7636.75	±24,858.38
30–39	0.22	±0.65		0.23	±0.67			6137.69	±20,783.50		6353.85	±21,809.12
40–49	0.22	±0.63		0.24	±0.68			6118.31	±20,360.00		6575.26	±22,017.51
50–59	0.25	±0.69		0.24	±0.68			7203.43	±22,910.40		7305.94	±23,947.33
60–69	0.26	±0.77		0.27	±0.75			7729.45	±25,167.92		7685.72	±24,254.82
< 70	0.26	±0.76		0.27	±0.76			7378.33	±23,917.36		7392.36	±23,288.21
Income (percentile)
-10 % (low)	0.25	±0.74	0.0003	0.27	±0.81	<.0001	0.2805	7745.45	±25,837.11	0.0003	7969.37	±26,342.94	<.0001	0.0164
11–20 %	0.28	±0.78		0.29	±0.81			8170.88	±26,355.37		8539.98	±26,535.13
21–30 %	0.28	±0.79		0.29	±0.80			8300.89	±26,029.00		8530.71	±26,384.56
31–40 %	0.26	±0.70		0.29	±0.80			7579.31	±24,080.07		8585.70	±27,179.61
41–50 %	0.28	±0.76		0.30	±0.80			8685.57	±27,015.42		8710.41	±26,762.40
51–60 %	0.29	±0.77		0.30	±0.80			8869.81	±27,295.76		8910.14	±27,358.22
61–70 %	0.30	±0.78		0.31	±0.81			8887.83	±26,420.46		9195.21	±27,617.53
71–80 %	0.29	±0.77		0.32	±0.81			8868.81	±26,543.89		9330.15	±27,794.34
81–90 %	0.30	±0.79		0.32	±0.80			9128.50	±27,290.42		9128.64	±27,025.66
+ 91 % (high)	0.28	±0.72		0.30	±0.76			8348.43	±24,746.39		8392.44	±25,500.98
Types of insurance coverage
Medical Aid	0.17	±0.65	<.0001	0.19	±0.73	<.0001	0.9777	5463.02	±24,295.15	<.0001	5569.94	±23,732.00	<.0001	0.6780
NHI, self-employed insured	0.27	±0.75		0.29	±0.79			8349.77	±25,975.77		8657.48	±26,710.94
NHI, employee insured	0.29	±0.77		0.31	±0.81			8768.09	±26,464.81		8971.88	±27,079.50
Index year
2003	0.25	±0.61	<.0001	0.25	±0.63	<.0001	<.0001	8034.83	±24,159.19	<.0001	8080.83	±24,641.98	<.0001	0.0003
2004	0.25	±0.63		0.25	±0.62			8382.93	±26,010.94		8009.35	±24,967.53
2005	0.25	±0.61		0.25	±0.63			8297.59	±25,261.94		8270.24	±25,774.14
2006	0.25	±0.63		0.25	±0.63			8283.21	±25,874.99		8310.02	±26,017.55
2007	0.29	±0.78		0.30	±0.82			8302.10	±25,361.18		8447.74	±25,742.34
2008	0.33	±0.90		0.34	±0.93			8527.55	±25,215.56		8613.98	±25,737.46
2009	0.32	±0.87		0.34	±0.91			8484.86	±25,234.96		8797.15	±26,417.00
2010	0.30	±0.83		0.32	±0.88			8363.59	±26,338.25		8692.93	±26,825.06
2011	0.31	±0.84		0.34	±0.90			8821.34	±27,704.86		9519.33	±28,487.64
2012	0.30	±0.83		0.33	±0.88			9062.00	±28,211.94		9642.10	±29,482.37
2013	0.29	±0.79		0.33	±0.87			9443.44	±29,389.48		10376.20	±31,264.12
Dentofacial anomalies
Yes	1.75	±1.32	<.0001	1.91	±1.42	<.0001	0.0774	60991.70	±60,760.65	<.0001	68584.30	±65,057.42	<.0001	0.0088
No	0.28	±0.76	<.0001	0.30	±0.80	<.0001	0.0774	8503.58	±26,182.17	<.0001	8742.72	±26,802.56	<.0001	0.0088
Disorders of toothe development and eruption
Yes	1.89	±1.43	<.0001	1.95	±1.39	<.0001	0.1953	70958.60	±56,207.42	<.0001	71028.40	±54,669.15	<.0001	0.8636
No	0.28	±0.75	<.0001	0.29	±0.79	<.0001	0.1953	8287.70	±25,760.74	<.0001	8526.49	±26,412.60	<.0001	0.8636
Total	0.28	±0.76		0.30	±0.80		<.0001	8528.51	±26,234.03		8775.16	±26,874.15		<.0001

† The results of analysis of covariance to investigate the differences of distribution for continuous variables based on water fluoridation

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