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Table 6 Child’s dental services utilisation regressed on predisposing, enabling and need-related factors

From: Oral-health-related background factors and dental service utilisation among Sudanese children with and without a congenital heart defects

 

Total sample

CHD cases (111)

Controls (182)

Step 1: Predisposing factors

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

 Mother’s education

  Higher education (R)

1

1

1

  Lower education

0.36 (0.16–0.80)*

0.16 (0.03–0.89)*

0.62 (0.211.85)

 Child’s age

  Age 1 (R)

1

1

1

  Age 2

5.26 (2.40–11.52)**

11.89 (1.98– 71.56)**

5.17 (1.86– 14.38)**

 Child’s sex

  Boy (R)

1

1

1

  Girl

1.46 (0.74–2.89)

1.78 (0.45–7.02)

1.46 (0.61– 3.46)

 Nagelkerke’s R2

0.194

0.248

0.169

Step 2: Enabling factors

 Caregiver’s caries knowledge

  Good knowledge (R)

1

1

1

  Low knowledge

0.48 (0.06–4.27)

0.88 (0.07–10.51)

-

 Perception of oral health

  Good (R)

1

1

1

  Bad

1.32 (0.61–2.84)

3.82 (0.89–16.39)

0.69 (0.25–1.91)

 Perception of appearance

  Satisfied

1

1

1

  Unsatisfied

1.89 (0.92–3.92)

1.04 (0.28–3.88)

2.95 (1.14–7.59)*

 Brushing

  Frequent (R)

1

1

1

  Not frequent

0.88 (0.24–3.33)

1.05 (0.19–5.77)

0.76 (0.06–10.12)

 Fluoride

  Frequent (R)

1

1

1

  Not frequent

0.85 (0.39–1.88)

0.61 (0.15–2.48)

0.97 (0.32–2.95)

 Nagelkerke’s R2

0.275

0.421

0.231

Step 3: Need-related factors

 Caries

  DMFT = 0 (R)

1

1

1

  DMFT > 0

1.15 (0.53–2.49)

0.51 (0.12–2.37)

1.83 (0.68–4.91)

 Gingivitis

  GI > 2 (R)

1

1

1

  GI ≤ 2

0.86 (0.41–1.80)

8.23 (0.52–28.60)

0.39 (0.15–1.05)

 Complaint

  No (R)

1

1

1

  Yes

4.41 (1.78–10.87)**

6.71 (0.99–45.25)

6.36 (1.96–20.63)**

 Child’s past medical history

  No (R)

1

1

1

  Yes

1.33 (0.68–2.61)

2.13 (0.54–8.45)

1.14 (0.48–2.70)

 Nagelkerke’s R2

0.334

0.497

0.346

  1. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses for effect of oral-health-related background variables categorised according to Anderson’s model into predisposing, enabling and need-related factors. Analyses were performed on the total for CHD cases and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) are presented with 95% confidence intervals (Cis). *denotes significance at p < 0.05 and **significance at p < 0.01