Skip to main content

Table 3 Association of demographic characteristics with snacking and smoking, n (%) (n = 323)

From: Effects of an educational intervention on oral hygiene and self-care among people with mental illness in Japan: a longitudinal study

 

Daily consumption of snacks (multiple answers)

Smoking

  
 

Fruit

Ice cream

Cola

 
 

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Yes

No

p

Gender

  

0.049*

  

0.012*

  

0.005*

  

0.001*

 Male

48 (14.9)

154 (47.6)

 

50 (15.5)

152 (47.0)

 

64 (19.8)

138 (42.7)

 

126 (39.0)

76 (23.5)

 

 Female

41 (12.7)

80 (24.8)

 

46 (14.2)

75 (23.3)

 

21 (6.5)

100 (31.0)

 

99 (30.7)

22 (6.8)

 

Dry mouth

  

0.045*

  

0.467

  

0.053

  

0.006*

 Yes

44 (13.6)

87 (26.9)

 

36 (11.1)

95 (29.4)

 

42 (13.0)

89 (27.6)

 

80 (24.8)

51 (15.8)

 

 No

45 (13.9)

147 (45.6)

 

60 (18.6)

132 (40.9)

 

43 (13.3)

149 (46.1)

 

145 (44.8)

47 (14.6)

 

Diabetes

  

0.289

  

0.159

  

0.467

  

0.001*

 Yes

7 (2.2)

28 (8.7)

 

14 (4.3)

21 (6.5)

 

11 (3.4)

24 (7.4)

 

16 (5.0)

19 (5.9)

 

 No

82 (25.4)

206 (63.7)

 

82 (25.4)

206 (63.8)

 

74 (22.9)

214 (66.3)

 

209 (64.6)

79 (24.5)

 
  1. Cross-tabulation, χ2 test, *p < 0.05