Table 1 Mean distance of file tip from the apical constriction (D_AC) in μm and frequency of instrumentation beyond the apex (FbA)

D_AC (SD)

−22.70 (91.57)^a

18.74 (88.11)^a

−13.18 (88.46)^a

FbA (%)

17 (59)^a

12 (40)^a

19 (68)^a

N

29

30

28