Disparities in untreated caries among children and adults in the U.S., 2011–2014

BMC Oral Health

Table 2 Frequency, percentage and results of multivariate logistic regression for untreated caries among children in the U.S., 2011–2014

Characteristic	With Untreated caries n (weighted percent)	Without untreated caries n (weighted percent)	p-value^a	Odds Ratio^b (95% CI) for untreated caries
Age
0 to 5 years	239 (9.14)	1991 (90.86)	< 0.001	0.38 (0.29–0.51)**
6 to 11 years	518 (18.61)	2005 (81.39)		1.16 (0.92–1.47)
12 to 18 years	436 (18.28)	1819 (81.72)		1 (ref)
Race/Ethnicity
Mexican American	294 (21.30)	1159 (78.70)	< 0.001	1.18 (0.90–1.54)
Other Hispanic	128 (15.73)	651 (84.27)		0.89 (0.62–1.27)
Non-Hispanic White	238 (13.81)	1441 (86.19)		1 (ref)
Non-Hispanic Black	376 (20.13)	1545 (79.87)		1.21 (0.97–1.51)
Other race, including multi-racial	157 (12.35)	1019 (87.65)		0.81 (0.59–1.11)
Gender
Male	629 (16.68)	2960 (83.32)	0.19	–
Female	564 (15.08)	2855 (84.92)	0.19	–
Family income categories based on FPL^c
Less than 100% FPL	506 (21.73)	1871 (78.27)	< 0.001	2.68 (2.03–3.55)**
100–199% FPL	316 (18.77)	1388 (81.23)		2.25 (1.59–3.19)**
200–399% FPL	187 (12.96)	1189 (87.04)		1.49 (1.04–2.12)*
400% FPL and above	83 (8.03)	956 (91.97)		1 (ref)
Recent dental visit^c
Less than one year	794 (13.58)	4369 (86.42)	< 0.001	0.44 (0.35–0.56)**
More than one year	393 (23.26)	1431 (76.74)	< 0.001	1 (ref)
Financial barriers
Yes	99 (38.98)	155 (61.02)	< 0.001	2.06 (1.42–2.99)**
No	1094 (15.11)	5660 (84.89)	< 0.001	1 (ref)
Non-financial barriers
Yes	49 (47.80)	42 (52.20)	< 0.001	2.86 (1.24–6.58)*
No	1144 (15.55)	5773 (84.45)	< 0.001	1 (ref)

The sample size was N = 7008; CI = Confidence interval
** p-value < 0.001; * p-value < 0.05
^ap-value from Pearson chi-square statistics comparing the percentage of children with untreated caries and without untreated caries
^bOdds ratios were determined by multivariate logistic regression model. The F-adjusted mean residual test for goodness of fit suggests no evidence of lack of fit (p-value = 0.099). Gender was not included in the multivariate logistic regression model because the p-value of gender for Pearson chi-square test was not significant
^cFamily income categories based on FPL had 512 missing observations and recent dental visit had 21 missing observations

ISSN: 1472-6831