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Table 3 Associations between baseline characteristics and dental utilization by 6-month follow-up in single variable adjusted modelsa

From: Factors associated with future dental care utilization among low-income smokers overdue for dental visits

  

Use of Dental Care, %

Adjusted RR (95% CI)a

p-value

Marital status

Single

21.0

1 (ref)

0.023

Married or living as married

14.4

0.68 (0.48–0.95)

 

Education

GED, HS Degree, or less

14.4

1 (ref)

0.004

At least some college, technical, or trade school

23.9

1.63 (1.17–2.26)

 

Living with a disability (employed & unemployed)

No disability

15.2

1 (ref)

0.005

Disability

26.5

1.65 (1.17–2.32)

 

Last dental cleaning

Less than 1 year

36.2

1 (ref)

< 0.001

Over 1 year ago or never

15.7

0.47 (0.33–0.67)

 

Perceived gum disease

No perceived gum disease

15.8

1 (ref)

0.066

Perceived gum disease

22.1

1.35 (0.98–1.85)

 

Motivation to see dentist in next 6 months

Low motivation

7.5

1 (ref)

0.001

High motivation

20.9

2.86 (1.55–5.29)

 

Self-efficacy to see dentist in next 6 months

Low self-efficacy

9.7

1 (ref)

< 0.001

High self-efficacy

22.7

2.26 (1.46–3.49)

 

Cigarettes per day

10 or fewer

20

1 (ref)

0.95

11 to 20

19.3

0.92 (0.54–1.58)

 

21 or more

17.8

0.93 (0.56–1.55)

 

Hispanic/Latino

Not Hispanic or Latino

18.7

1 (ref)

0.35

Hispanic or Latino

9.5

0.52 (0.13–2.07)

 

Race/ethnicity

White

20.1

1 (ref)

0.21

Black

16.8

0.92 (0.62–1.36)

 

Other or multi-racial

10.1

0.56 (0.29–1.07)

 

Geographic classification

Rural

21.3

1 (ref)

0.73

Suburban

19.7

0.10 (0.61–1.6)

 

Urban

17.2

0.88 (0.56–1.39)

 

Currently employed

Not employed

19

1 (ref)

0.72

Employed

17.5

0.94 (0.68–1.30)

 

Annual household income

Less than 20 K

19.5

1 (ref)

0.25

Over 20 K

16.5

0.82 (0.58–1.15)

 

Psychological barriers

No such barriers

19.2

1 (ref)

0.31

Psychological barriers

17.7

0.85 (0.61–1.17)

 

Prioritization barriers

No such barriers

15.9

1 (ref)

0.61

Prioritization barriers

19.2

1.11 (0.75–1.63)

 

Access barriers

No such barriers

18.3

1 (ref)

0.99

Access barriers

18.6

1.00 (0.72–1.38)

 
  1. Bolded text indicates associations that are significant at the p < 0.05 level
  2. aA separate model assesses each baseline characteristic of interest one at a time. All models are adjusted for a priori identified financial variables (dental insurance status, dental insurance barrier, cost barrier) and potential confounders (age, gender, and state). All p-values are global p-values
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BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

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