Longitudinal association between obesity and periodontal diseases among secondary school students in Hong Kong: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Longitudinal association between adiposity indices at 12 years and CPI at 15 years through binary logistic regression

Independent Variable	Model 1^a			Model 2^b			Model 3^c
Independent Variable	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P
BMI	1.26	0.72, 2.20	0.422	1.13	0.64, 2.01	0.677	1.13	0.64, 2.01	0.678
WC	1.11	0.68, 1.79	0.682	0.96	0.58, 1.57	0.867	0.96	0.58, 1.57	0.855
WHR	0.94	0.58, 1.52	0.807	0.86	0.51, 1.37	0.475	0.83	0.51, 1.37	0.474
WHtR	1.00	0.62, 1.62	1.000	0.86	0.52, 1.42	0.557	0.86	0.52, 1.41	0.545
TRSKF	1.46	0.80, 2.67	0.222	1.37	0.73, 2.58	0.331	1.31	0.69, 2.49	0.406

CPI community periodontal index, CI conference interval, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-hip ratio, WHtR waist-height ratio, TRSKF triceps skinfold thickness
Dependent variable: CPI at 15 years. Participants were classified by as having ≤50% index teeth with CPI = 0 vs > 50% index teeth with CPI = 0 (event group)
Independent variable: Adiposity indices at 12 years. BMI was used to classify participants into underweight/normal weight group vs overweight/obesity group (reference group). WC, WHR, WHtR, and TRSKF were used to classify participant according to their median values (participants in the upper 50th percentile constitute the reference group)
^aModel 1: Adjusted for gender
^bModel 2: Adjusted for socioeconomic factors (parental employment status and family income) at 12 years
^cModel 3: Fully adjusted model. Model 2 plus behavioral factors (frequency of tooth brushing) at 12 years
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01

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