A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study for evaluating the effects of fixed-dose combinations of vitamin C, vitamin E, lysozyme, and carbazochrome on gingival inflammation in chronic periodontitis patients

Table 2 Clinical parameters of the control and test groups at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks (mean ± SD)

Clinical parameters	Control (N = 45)	Test (N = 48)	p-value^*
GI			0.042
Baseline	1.00 ± 0.46	1.19 ± 0.51
4 weeks	1.01 ± 0.46	1.02 ± 0.44^†
8 weeks	0.90 ± 0.50	0.95 ± 0.49^†
Δ baseline – 4 weeks	0.01 ± 0.38	−0.18 ± 0.33^‡
Δ baseline – 8 weeks	−0.10 ± 0.40	−0.24 ± 0.38
PI			0.138
Baseline	1.50 ± 0.68	1.61 ± 0.67
4 weeks	1.45 ± 0.68	1.55 ± 0.58
8 weeks	1.48 ± 0.61	1.42 ± 0.52^†
Δ baseline – 4 weeks	− 0.05 ± 0.40	−0.06 ± 0.48
Δ baseline – 8 weeks	− 0.02 ± 0.39	−0.18 ± 0.52
PD			0.381
Baseline	2.49 ± 0.39	2.63 ± 0.47
4 weeks	2.47 ± 0.37	2.52 ± 0.49^†
8 weeks	2.39 ± 0.36	2.51 ± 0.51^†
Δ baseline – 4 weeks	− 0.02 ± 0.25	−0.11 ± 0.29
Δ baseline – 8 weeks	− 0.10 ± 0.36	−0.11 ± 0.34
CAL			0.571
Baseline	2.74 ± 0.69	2.76 ± 0.87
4 weeks	2.75 ± 0.66	2.69 ± 0.84
8 weeks	2.72 ± 0.71	2.72 ± 0.88
Δ baseline – 4 weeks	0.01 ± 0.31	−0.07 ± 0.42
Δ baseline – 8 weeks	− 0.02 ± 0.46	−0.03 ± 0.48
100 mm VAS			0.059
Baseline	17.38 ± 16.69	18.46 ± 18.86
4 weeks	13.42 ± 18.72^†	11.17 ± 13.68^†
8 weeks	12.64 ± 16.90^†	4.94 ± 6.34^†‡
Δ baseline – 4 weeks	−3.96 ± 21.45	−7.29 ± 17.55
Δ baseline – 8 weeks	−4.73 ± 19.80	−13.52 ± 17.71

GI gingival index, PI plaque index, PD probing depth, CAL clinical attachment level, VAS visual analog scale
^*Difference in the change of each parameter during 8 weeks between the groups using repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05)
^†Statistically significant difference compared to the baseline within each group using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (p < 0.05)
^‡Statistically significant difference between the groups using Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1472-6831