Table 1 Characteristics of the included clinical studies
Author and publication year | Probiotics group | Control group | Follow-up time (weeks) | Outcome indicators | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Average) | Gender (M:F) | Sample size | Interventions | Age (Average) | Gender (M:F) | Sample size | Interventions | |||
Hatakka et al., 2007 [25] | 58.7–95.2 | 36:100 | 92 (Baseline 136) | The combination of L. rhamnosus and P. freudenreichii | 65.4–94.7 | 30:110 | 100 (Baseline 140) | Blank control | 16 | Candida counts; hyposalivation; salivary buffering capacity; dry mouth; mucosal lesions; oral pain; decayed teeth |
Ishikawa et al., 2015 [27] | 61.6 ± 7.8 | 6:24 | 30 | The combination of L. rhamnosus HS111, L. acidophilus HS101 and B. bifidum | 62.1 ± 9.4 | 8:17 | 25 | Placebo | 5 | Candida counts |
Kraft-Bodi et al., 2015 [26] | 88.3 ± 5.7 | 35:60 | 84 (Baseline 95) | L. reuteri | 87.7 ± 7.7 | 42:61 | 90 (Baseline 103) | Placebo | 12 | Candida counts; oral hygiene; gingival inflammation |
Miyazima et al., 2017 [30] | 66.1 ± 11.6 | 4:15 | 19 | L. acidophilus | 65.5 ± 10.5 | 3:17 | 20 | Blank control | 8 | Candida counts |
61.7 ± 14.1 | 3:17 | 20 | L. rhamnosus | |||||||
Li et al., 2014 [31] | 62.72 ± 9.57 | 5:29 | 34 | The combination of B. longum, L. bulgaricus, S. thermophiles, 2% Sodium bicarbonate solution and 2% Nysfungin cataplasm | 64.84 ± 11.92 | 7:24 | 31 | 2% Sodium bicarbonate solution + 2% Nysfungin cataplasm | 4 | Candida counts; pain level; hyperaemia |
Mishra et al., 2016 [32] | 8.65 | 9:11 | 20 | Probiotics mint tablet (unknown the types of probiotics) | 8.90 | 11:9 | 20 | 0.2% Chlorhexidine digluconate | 1 | Candida counts |
9.70 | 12:8 | 20 | Herbal gargle | |||||||