Table 2 Assessment of oral cancer knowledge and human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge among study participants
Educational stage | Pre-clinical groupa | Clinical groupb | P valuec | ||
Survey item | YES Nd (%) | NO N (%) | YES N (%) | NO N (%) | |
Oral cancer Knowledge | |||||
Have you ever heard of oral cancer? | 123 (79.4) | 32 (20.6) | 221 (100) | 0 | < 0.001 |
Where do you think oral cancer is found in the oral cavity? | |||||
Tongue | 49 (40.2) | 73 (59.8) | 214 (96.8) | 7 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
Lips | 29 (23.8) | 93 (76.2) | 128 (57.9) | 93 (42.1) | < 0.001 |
Palate | 58 (47.5) | 64 (52.5) | 134 (60.6) | 87 (39.4) | 0.023 |
Jaw bone | 38 (31.1) | 84 (68.9) | 135 (61.1) | 86 (38.9) | < 0.001 |
Buccal mucosa | 72 (59.0) | 50 (41.0) | 143 (64.7) | 78 (35.3) | 0.351 |
Floor of the mouth | 52 (42.6) | 70 (57.4) | 200 (90.5) | 21 (9.5) | < 0.001 |
Other sitese | 3 (2.5) | 119 (97.5) | 9 (4.1) | 212 (95.9) | 0.550 |
Which of the following describes the clinical appearance of the early lesion of oral cancer? | |||||
White lesion | 46 (37.7) | 76 (62.3) | 155 (70.1) | 66 (29.9) | < 0.001 |
Red lesion | 21 (17.2) | 101 (82.8) | 134 (60.6) | 87 (39.4) | < 0.001 |
Ulcer | 42 (34.4) | 80 (65.6) | 138 (62.4) | 83 (37.6) | < 0.001 |
Mass | 42 (34.4) | 80 (65.6) | 114 (51.6) | 107 (48.4) | 0.002 |
Othersf | 0 | 122 (100) | 7 (3.2) | 214 (96.8) | 0.054 |
What are the signs and symptoms of oral cancer? | |||||
Mucosal bleeding | 44 (36.1) | 78 (63.9) | 111 (50.2) | 110 (49.8) | 0.013 |
Difficulty in swallowing | 54 (44.3) | 68 (55.7) | 139 (62.9) | 82 (37.1) | 0.001 |
Tooth mobility | 29 (23.8) | 93 (76.2) | 111 (50.2) | 110 (49.8) | < 0.001 |
Lymph node enlargement | 76 (62.3) | 46 (37.7) | 191 (86.4) | 30 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
Othersg | 0 | 122 (100) | 6 (2.7) | 215 (97.3) | 0.093 |
What are the risk factors for oral cancer? | |||||
Smoking | 102 (83.6) | 20 (16.4) | 216 (97.7) | 5 (2.3) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol | 38 (31.1) | 84 (68.9) | 194 (87.8) | 27 (12.2) | < 0.001 |
Positive family history | 51 (41.8) | 71 (58.2) | 168 (76.0) | 53 (24.0) | < 0.001 |
HPVh | 48 (39.3) | 74 (60.7) | 195 (88.2) | 26 (11.8) | < 0.001 |
HPV Knowledge | Correct answer N (%) | Incorrect answer N (%) | Correct answer N (%) | Incorrect answer N (%) | P value |
-Have you ever heard of HPV? | 52 (65.0) | 28 (35.0) | 214 (100.0) | 0 | < 0.001 |
-HPV causes AIDS i | 28 (53.8) | 24 (46.2) | 154 (73.0) | 57 (27.0) | 0.011 |
-HPV can cause a sexually transmitted infection | 43 (82.7) | 9 (17.3) | 194 (92.8) | 15 (7.2) | 0.032 |
-Antibiotics can cure HPV infection | 40 (75.5) | 13 (24.5) | 186 (86.9) | 28 (13.1) | 0.054 |
-Most HPV infections resolve within a short time | 16 (32.0) | 34 (68.0) | 46 (22.1) | 162 (77.9) | 0.145 |
-Certain strains of HPV causes cervical cancer | 47 (88.7) | 6 (11.3) | 199 (94.8) | 11 (5.2) | 0.121 |
-HPV causes herpes and cold sores | 13 (24.5) | 40 (75.5) | 120 (56.9) | 91 (43.1) | < 0.001 |
-A person can have HPV without knowing it | 40 (75.5) | 13 (24.5) | 192 (91.0) | 19 (9.0) | 0.004 |
-HPV can cause oral cancer | 43 (82.7) | 9 (17.3) | 206 (97.2) | 6 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
-We have a vaccine for HPV | 22 (44.0) | 28 (56.0) | 78 (36.8) | 134 (63.2) | 0.419 |