Table 1 Characteristics of participants by the number of natural teeth and denture use
|  | Number of natural teeth (n = 36,153) | Denture use (n = 36,230) |  | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20+ | 10–19 | 1–9 | 0 | P-valuea | Yes | No | P-valuea | |
No. of participants | 5504 | 5024 | 12,146 | 13,479 | Â | 8423 | 27,807 | Â |
Median (IQR) age, years | 74(67–84) | 84(77–91) | 91(84–100) | 95(87–100) | < 0.001 | 86(79–94) | 91(82–100) | < 0.001 |
Male, n(%) | 3126(56.8) | 2489(49.5) | 4965(40.9) | 4251(31.5) | < 0.001 | 4053(48.1) | 10,840(39.0) | < 0.001 |
Residence, n(%) | ||||||||
 Urban | 2349(42.7) | 2054(40.9) | 4444(36.6) | 5368(39.8) | < 0.001 | 4361(51.8) | 9919(35.7) | < 0.001 |
 Rural | 3155(57.3) | 2970(59.1) | 7702(63.4) | 8111(60.2) |  | 4062(48.2) | 17,888(64.3) |  |
Education time, years | ||||||||
 0 | 2474(45.1) | 2913(58.2) | 8447(70.0) | 9986(74.5) | < 0.001 | 4451(53.1) | 19,374(70.1) | < 0.001 |
  > =1 | 3009(54.9) | 2090(41.8) | 3624(30.0) | 3414(25.5) |  | 3935(46.9) | 8269(29.9) |  |
Living arrangement | ||||||||
 Living alone | 4870(88.6) | 4260(84.8) | 10,473(86.3) | 11,927(88.5) | < 0.001 | 7335(87.1) | 24,268(87.3) | 0.60 |
 With others | 628(11.4) | 762(15.2) | 1668(13.7) | 1546(11.5) |  | 1086(12.9) | 3523(12.7) |  |
Sufficient income for daily needs | ||||||||
 Yes, n(%) | 3979(80.8) | 3149(77.4) | 6528(74.7) | 7882(77.6) | < 0.001 | 5608(81.9) | 15,974(75.7) | < 0.001 |
 No, n(%) | 948(19.2) | 918(22.6) | 2209(25.3) | 2280(22.4) |  | 1238(18.1) | 5130(24.3) |  |
Median (IQR) BMI, kg/m2 | 20.5(18.2–23.6) | 19.5(17.2–22.4) | 18.5(16.3–21.1) | 18.4(16.2–21.0) | < 0.001 | 19.8(17.7–22.7) | 18.6(16.5–21.3) | < 0.001 |
Smoking, n(%) | ||||||||
 Non-smoker | 3285(59.8) | 3232(64.4) | 8311(68.5) | 9663(71.8) | < 0.001 | 5285(62.8) | 19,240(69.3) | < 0.001 |
 Current smoker | 1406(25.6) | 1025(20.4) | 2180(18.0) | 1998(14.8) |  | 1692(20.1) | 4938(17.8) |  |
 Former smoker | 804(14.6) | 764(15.2) | 1642(13.5) | 1803(13.4) |  | 1440(17.1) | 3594(12.9) |  |
Alcohol consumption, n(%) | ||||||||
 Non-drinker | 3455(62.9) | 3383(67.4) | 8264(68.1) | 9806(72.9) | < 0.001 | 5770(68.6) | 19,191(69.1) | 0.272 |
 Current drinker | 1459(26.6) | 1080(21.5) | 2575(21.2) | 2413(17.9) |  | 1745(20.7) | 5790(20.8) |  |
 Former drinker | 581(10.6) | 558(11.1) | 1290(10.6) | 1241(9.2) |  | 896(10.7) | 2789(10.0) |  |
Frequent vegetable intake, n(%) | 1859(33.8) | 1829(36.4) | 4765(39.2) | 5546(41.2) | < 0.001 | 3030(36.0) | 10,989(39.5) | < 0.001 |
Frequent fruit intake, n(%) | 811(14.8) | 563(11.2) | 1262(10.4) | 1841(13.7) | < 0.001 | 1679(19.9) | 2821(10.2) | < 0.001 |
Frequent physical activity, n(%) | 2242(40.8) | 2033(40.5) | 4899(40.4) | 4889(36.3) | < 0.001 | 3713(44.1) | 10,393(37.4) | < 0.001 |
Impaired cognitive function, n(%) | 724(13.7) | 1183(25.3) | 4633(42.6) | 5740(51.1) | < 0.001 | 1912(24.9) | 10,387(42.5) | < 0.001 |
Restricted ADL, n(%) | 605(11.0) | 869(17.3) | 3483(28.8) | 5494(40.9) | < 0.001 | 2068(24.6) | 8401(30.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n(%) | 2548(47.9) | 2133(43.9) | 5051(43.3) | 5598(43.9) | < 0.001 | 3457(42.7) | 11,900(44.8) | 0.001 |
Diabetes, n(%) | 163(1.2) | 153(1.3) | 110(2.2) | 155(2.8) | < 0.001 | 212(2.5) | 371(1.3) | < 0.001 |
Heart disease, n(%) | 982(7.3) | 788(6.5) | 417(8.3) | 495(9.1) | < 0.001 | 935(11.2) | 1758(6.4) | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n(%) | 565(4.2) | 478(4.0) | 230(4.6) | 304(5.6) | < 0.001 | 494(5.9) | 1082(3.9) | < 0.001 |
Respiratory disease a, n(%) | 1540(11.5) | 1364(11.3) | 584(11.7) | 587(10.7) | 0.05 | 1078(12.9) | 3009(10.9) | < 0.001 |
Denture use, n(%) | ||||||||
 Yes | 652(11.9) | 856(17.1) | 1952(16.1) | 4958(36.8) | < 0.001 | NA | NA | NA |
 No | 4845(88.1) | 4161(82.9) | 10,170(83.9) | 8506(63.2) |  | NA | NA |  |
Number of natural teeth, n(%) | ||||||||
 20+ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 652(7.7) | 4845(17.5) | < 0.001 |
 10–19 | NA | NA | NA | NA |  | 856(10.2) | 4161(15.0) |  |
 1–9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |  | 1952(23.2) | 10,170(36.7) |  |
 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |  | 4958(58.9) | 8506(30.7) |  |