Table 2 Material and methods of the selected studies: number of participants at baseline and end of the study, periodontal case definition, treatment protocols, changes in PD, CAL and BOP in test and control groups

Bizzarro S. et al., 2017 [13]

CONTROL

≥2 non-adjacent teeth interproximal attachment loss of ≥3 mm;

1.SRP + S;

Control 1 ± 0.6;

Control 0.6 ± 0.5

Control 42.3 ± 16.9

NS

Baseline n = 29;

2. SRP+  0,5% NaOCl;

Test 0.9 ± 0.3

Test 0.5 ± 0.5

Test 41 ± 12.6

End of the study n = 29;

2 teeth per quadrant with PD ≥ 5 mm,

TEST

> 50% BOP;

Baseline n = 27;

End of the study n = 27.

Kanoriya D. et al., 2017 [14]

CONTROL

PD ≥ 5 mm or CAL ≥4 mm and vertical bone loss ≥3 mm

Control: SRP + placebo gel;

Control 1.89 ± 0.45

Control 1,31 ± 0,82

–

Test group showed significant improvements in CAL gain and PD reduction

Baseline n = 21;

Test: SRP +  0,75% boric acid gel.

Test 3.15 ± 0.74

Test 2.65 ± 0.58

End of the study n = 19;

TEST

Baseline n = 21;

End of the study n = 20.

Denez E.M. et al., 2016 [26]

CONTROL

At least one pocket in each quadrant with PD ≥ 4 mm and BOP(+)

Control: SRP +  0,9% NaCl;

Control 1.92 ± 0.12

Control 1.93 ± 0.05

–

No significant difference between NaCl and 10%PVI in terms of clinical changes

Baseline n = 28;

Test: SRP+  10% PVI

Test 1.9 ± 0.3

Test 1.95 ± 0.21

End of study n = 20;

TEST

Baseline n = 28;

End of study n = 20.

Matesanz P. et al., 2013 [20]

CONTROL

4–10 pockets with PD > 4 mm and BOP(+)

Control: SRP + placebo gel;

Control 0.22 ± 0,46

Control −0.01 ± 2,1

Control 15 ± 0.4

No significant difference between placebo and CHX xanthan gel in terms of clinical changes

Baseline n = 12;

Test: SRP+ CHX xanthan gel

Test 0.32 ± 0.47

Test 0.3 ± 0.98

Test 18 ± 0.4

End of study n = 11;

TEST

Baseline n = 10;

End of study n = 10.

Krück C. et al., 2012 [28]

CONTROL

PD 4-6 mm.

Control: SRP + 0,9% NaCl;

Control 0.36 ± 0.4

Control 0.21 ± 0.7

Control 16 ± 15

No significant difference between NaCl, 0,12% CHX and 7,5 PVI in terms of clinical changes

Baseline n = 17;

Test 1: SRP+ 0,12% CHX;

Test 1: 0.38 ± 0.4

Test1: 0.22 ± 0.65

Test 1: 18 ± 17

End of study n = 17;

Test 2: SRP + 7,5% PVI

Test 2: 1.39 ± 0.42

Test2: 0.36 ± 0.5

Test 2: 25 ± 17

TEST1

Baseline n = 17;

End of study n = 17;

TEST2

Baseline n = 17;

End of study n = 17.

Sakellari D. et al., 2010 [15]

CONTROL

PD ≥5 mm, ≤7 mm.

Control: SRP;

Control 2.05 ± 0.74

Control 1.4 ± 0.71

Control 33 ± 32

NS between test and control groups

Baseline n = 29;

Test: SRP+ CHX chip.

Test: 1.79 ± 0.84

Test: 1.4 ± 0.97

Test: 25 ± 33

End of study n = 25;

TEST

Baseline n = 27;

End of study n = 25.

Paolantonio M. et al., 2009 [22]

CONTROL

At least 2 teeth with PD ≥ 5 mm

Control: SRP;

Control 1.5 ± 0.15

Control 0.51 ± 0.11

–

Significantly greater PD and CAL improvements in test group

Baseline n = 98;

Test: SRP+ CHX-xanthan gel

Test: 2.33 ± 0.15

Test: 1.41 ± 0.11

End of study n = 98;

TEST

Baseline n = 98;

End of study n = 98.

Paolantonio M.

et al., 2008 [24]

CONTROL

2 or more teeth with PD PD ≥ 5 mm, and BOP(+)

Control: SRP;

Control 1.9 ± 1.95

Control 0.9 ± 1.9

–

Significantly greater PD reduction and CAL gain in test group

Baseline n = 82;

Test: SRP + CHX chip

Test: 2.7 ± 1.44

Test: 1.4 ± 1.2

End of study n = 82;

TEST

Baseline n = 82;

End of study n = 82.

Paolantonio M. et al., 2008 [23]

CONTROL

At least 2 teeth with PD ≥ 5 mm

Control: SRP;

Control 0.95 ± 0.1

Control 0.49 ± 0.1

–

Significantly greater PD and CAL improvements in test group

Baseline n = 116;

Test: SRP + CHX chip

Test: 1.5 ± 0.1

Test: 1.13 ± 0.1

End of study n = 116;

TEST

Baseline n = 116;

End of study n = 116.

Cosyn J. et al., 2007 [25]

CONTROL

At least 1 pocket per quadrant with PD ≥ 6 mm, BOP(+), radiographic evidence of extended bone loss (≥1/3 of the root length

Control: SRP;

Control 0.96 ± 0.43

Control 0.39 ± 0.78

Control 30 ± 15

NS

Baseline n = 16;

Test: SRP+ CHX varnish.

Test: 1.13 ± 0.62

Test: 0.36 ± 0.93

Test: 34 ± 20

End of study n = 14;

TEST

Baseline n = 17;

End of study n = 15.

Azmak N. et al., 2002 [27]

CONTROL

At least 2 non-adjacent interproximal sites in the anterior region with PD 6–8 mm, BOP(+);

Control: SRP

Control 2.1 ± 0.2

Control 1.56 ± 0.21

–

NS

Baseline n = 22;

Test: SRP+ CHX chip

Test: 2.4 ± 0.2

Test: 1.68 ± 0.21

End of study n = 20;

TEST

Baseline n = 22;

End of study n = 20.

Heasman PA. et al., 2001 [21]

CONTROL

At least one pocket per quadrant with PD ≥5 mm, BOP(+)

Control: SRP

Control 0,45 ± 0,13

Control 0.15 ± 0.09

Control 45 ± 13

Significantly greater improvements in all clinical parameters in test group

Baseline n = 26;

Test: SRP+ Perio chip

Test 0,78 ± 0,12

Test: 0.43 ± 0.15

Test: 78 ± 12

End of study n = 24;

TEST

Baseline n = 26;

End of study n2 = 24.