Table 3 Frequency of dysgeusia, burning sensations in the tongue (BST) and halitosis and Odds ratio for the development of dysgeusia, halitosis and BST in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and in healthy controls
Variable | Patients with pSS (n = 57) | Healthy Controls (n = 53) | P | Odds ratio | 95%CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dysgeusia | ||||||
Yes | 30 (52.6) | 5 (9.4) | ||||
No | 27 (47.4) | 48 (90.6) | < 0.0001 | 10.7 | 3.7–30.7 | < 0.001 |
Distorted taste | ||||||
Metallic | 3 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Rotten | 3 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Bitter | 11 (36.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Sour | 5 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
Unpleasant | 8 (26.7) | 5 (100.0) | n.s. | |||
Frequency of distorted taste | ||||||
Constantly | 2 (6.7) | 1 (33.3) | ||||
Daily | 23 (76.7) | 2 (66.7) | n.s. | |||
Sometimes | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
In bad periods | 4 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
BST | ||||||
Yes | 26 (45.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
No | 31 (54.4) | 53 (100.0) | < 0.0001 | a- | – | < 0.001 |
Frequency of BST | ||||||
Constantly | 5 (19.2) | N/A | ||||
Sometimes | 5 (19.2) | N/A | ||||
During the meal | 10 (38.5) | N/A | ||||
Between the meals | 6 (23.1) | N/A | ||||
Type of BST | ||||||
Harsh | 5 (27.8) | N/A | ||||
Sour | 7 (38.9) | N/A | ||||
Sweet/Sour | 3 (16.7) | N/A | ||||
Other | 3 (16.7) | N/A | ||||
Halitosis | ||||||
Yes | 18 (31.6) | 15 (28.3) | ||||
No | 39 (68.4) | 38 (71.7) | 0.434 | 1.2 | 0.5–2.6 | 0.708 |
Frequency of halitosis | ||||||
Constantly | 5 (27.8) | 3 (20.0) | ||||
Daily | 9 (50.0) | 12 (80.0) | ||||
Sometimes | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.328 | |||
In bad periods | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||||