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Table 1 Degree of color variation (ΔE* and ΔE00) of stained dental enamel model from tooth bleaching formulae set #1 (L0.5 + CD10). L, CD, and CP represented limonene, coconut diethanolamide, and carbamide peroxide, respectively (p < 0.05). CP = 10–15%

From: Efficiency of tooth bleaching agent on staining and discoloration characteristics of nicotine stained dental enamel model

Nicotine content (mg/mL)

Before treatment

After treatment with tooth bleaching formulae

ΔE*

ΔE00

set #1 + CP5

set #1 + CP10

set #1 + CP15

ΔE*

ΔE00

ΔE*

ΔE00

ΔE*

ΔE00

6

4.18

3.78

4.15

3.75

4.03

3.65

3.95

3.59

11

4.43

4.00

4.31

3.88

4.07

3.69

3.90

3.55

16

4.69

4.22

4.51

4.08

4.14

3.75

4.01

3.64

21

4.97

4.56

4.39

3.97

4.17

3.77

3.95

3.61