Table 5 Association between OHIP domains with type of braces, demographics and oral health habits. Logistic regression is statistically significant at <.05*

Age

.97 (.90–1.05)

.99 (.92–1.06)

.95 (.89–1.02)

.98 (.93–.1.04)

.89 (.82–.96)*

.91 (.82–1.01)

.84 (.72–.98)*

.93 (.87–1.00)

Gender

Male

1.57 (.62–3.99)

1.08 (.35–3.34)

.57 (.22–1.46)

1.17 (.53–2.59)

.89 (.35–2.25)

.20 (.04–.87)*

.86 (.20–3.63)

.88 (.36–2.16)

Female

Reference

Educational level

Primary school

.23 (.02–2.39)

.80 (.13–4.90)

.66 (.10–4.56)

.78 (.17–3.59)

1.83 (.33–10.17)

.60 (.06–6.40)

1.04 (.06–17.63)

1.89 (.33–10.84)

Secondary school

.63 (.23–1.70)

.65 (.22–1.93)

.87 (.33–2.30)

.86 (.41–1.81)

.64 (.24–1.68)

.11 (.02–.73)*

.21 (.03–1.35)

1.50 (.62–3.66)

University

Reference

Family income

Less than

1.20 (.48–3.00)

.69 (.24–1.98)

1.41(.58–3.45)

.86 (.41–1.81)

.72 (.30–1.70)

1.12 (.33–3.81)

.51 (.13–2.07)

.70 (.30–1.64)

More than

1.36 (.52–3.60)

1.01(.32–3.16)

3.14 (1.27–7.78)*

1.23 (.55–2.74)

1.19 (.48–2.92)

1.51 (.45–5.14)

.82 (21–3.19)

1.40 (.58–3.39)

Average

Reference

Type of braces

Therapeutic

2.67 (.30–23.55)

4.99 (1.09–22.91)*

.48 (.11–2.14)

1.20 (.45–.89)

.30 (.07–1.38)

.37 (.05–2.72)

.65 (.06–7.21)

.89 (.18–4.37)

Fashion

2.94 (.22–38.92)

1.17 (.17–8.08)

.37 (.05–3.02)

2.59 (.40–16.89)

.30 (.04–2.31)

.99 (.06–15.76)

.43 (.01–14.56)

.25 (.25–2.56)

Control

Reference

Tooth color change

Yes

1.09 (.39–2.91)

2.39 (.84–6.87)

2.57 (1.01–6.57)*

2.29 (1.02–5.12)*

3.86 (1.40–10.64)*

2.99 (.06–15.76)

5.03 (.87–28.97)

3.16 (1.18–8.44)*

Maybe

2.40 (.79–7.22)

2.58 (.70–9.43)

.81 (.26–2.61)

2.72 (1.06–6.97)*

2.08 (.66–6.55)

1.02 (.18–6.01)

1.56 (.19–13.12)

3.13 (1.04–9.44)*

No

Reference

Tooth color change with braces

Yes

1.42 (.64–3.24)

.55 (.23–1.44)

.54 (.26–1.13)

1.16 (.61–2.22)

1.71 (.80–3.54)

.67 (.24–1.83)

.81 (.26–2.49)

1.28 (.62–2.66)

No

Reference

Smoking Hookah

Yes

1.73 (.58–5.19)

.88 (.23–3.34)

1.21 (.41–3.56)

.51 (.33–1.56)

.81 (.33–2.35)

6.44 (1.66–25.04)*

1.25 (.28–5.57)

.66 (.22–1.97)

No

Reference

Tooth brushing

Twice

.63 (.25–1.55)

1.07 (.36–3.34)

.50 (.21–1.16)

.72 (.33–1.56)

.39 (.17–.90)*

.76 (.23–2.59)

.55 (.16–1.93)

.57 (.24–1.34)

More than

.75 (.25–2.30)

1.06 (.36–3.17)

.36 (.12–1.06)

.62 (.27–1.73)

.22 (.07–.69)*

.92 (.21–3.97)

.13 (.01–1.33)

.39 (.13–1.34)

Don’t brush

1.13 (.17–2.39)

1.08 (.10–12.12)

.001 (.001)

.62 (.11–3.47)

.24 (.02–2.44)

18.98 (1.80–199.74)*

.001 (.001)

1.09 (.19–6.20)

Once

Reference

−2 Log = 168.74

χ² = 12.42

P value = .65

− 2 Log = 136.25

χ² = 16.26

P value = .37

− 2 Log = 179.04

χ² = 29.37

P value = .01

− 2 Log = 225.59

χ² = 10.48

P value = .80

− 2 Log = 181.29

χ² = 28.80

P value = .02

− 2 Log =110.71

χ² = 28.01

P value = .02

−2 Log =18.58

χ² = 87.69

P value = .23

−2 Log = 186.57

χ² = 20.10

P value = .17