Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies
From: The efficacy of analgesics in controlling orthodontic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Country | Design | Age (years) | Sex (% female) | Orthodontic treatment | Interventions | Evaluation intervals | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bernhardt 2001 [11] | America | RCT | Mean12 | 51% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),placebo | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Farzanegan 2012 [12] | Iran | RCT | 13–18 | 100% | archwire placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),placebo, chewing gum,soft viscoelastic wafer, and hard viscoelastic wafer | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Kohli 2011 [13] | India | RCT | 13–20 | 50% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg), placebo | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Minor 2009 [14] | America | RCT | 13–30 | 25% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),placebo | 2 h, 6 h, bedtime,awakening,24 h | VAS |
Patel 2011 [15] | America | RCT | 18–30 | 46% | separator placement | Ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, acetaminophen, placebo (OTC) | 2 h, 6 h, bedtime,awakening,24 h | VAS |
Polat 2005 [16] | Turkey | RCT | 10–24 | 38% | archwire placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),placebo, naproxen sodium | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Salmassian 2009 [17] | America | RCT | 12–18 | 48% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),acetaminophen(600 mg),placebo | 0 h,3 h, 7 h, 19 h,24 h, 31 h,48 h, 3 d,4d, 7 d | VAS |
Sudhakar 2014 [18] | India | RCT | 14–21 | 50% | separator placement | Ibuprofen(400 mg),acetaminophen(650 mg),aspirin(300 mg),placebo | 2 h, 6 h, bedtime,24 h,2 d, 3 d, 7 d | VAS |
Gupta 2014 [19] | India | RCT | 15–22 | 49% | archwire placement | Acetaminophen(500 mg), etoricoxib(60 mg), placebo | 2 h, 6 h, at night, 24 h,2d,3d | VAS |
Eslamian 2017 [20] | Iran | RCT | 14–20 | 68% | separator placement | Naproxen, placebo | 2 h, 6 h, 24 h,2d,3d,7d | VAS |
Nik 2016 [21] | Iran | RCT | Mean15 | 56% | separator placement | Acetaminophen(650 mg), ibuprofen(400 mg), and placebo | 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, bedtime, 24 h | VAS |
Kaur 2019 [22] | India | RCT | Mean15 | 70% | separator placement | Acetaminophen(500 mg), verbal behavior modification, placebo | 6 h, 24 h,2d,3d,4d,5d,6d,7d | VAS |