Table 1 Demographic and oral health profile of adolescents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and their association with risk of mental health problems [NÂ =Â 1234]
Variables | Low risk NÂ =Â 974 (78.9%) n (%) | High risk NÂ =Â 260 (21.1%) n (%) | p value | Total NÂ =Â 1234 n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | ||||
Mean (SD) | 14.43 (2.63) | 15.31 (2.61) | <Â 0.001* | 14.6 (2.7) |
Sex at birth | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 565 (80.9) | 133 (19.1) | 0.048* | 698 (56.6) |
Female | 409 (76.3) | 127 (23.7) | Â | 536 (43.4) |
Socio-economic status | ||||
High | 354 (82.9) | 73 (17.1) | 0.04* | 427 (34.6) |
Middle | 322 (76.3) | 100 (23.7) | Â | 422 (34.2) |
Low | 298 (77.4) | 87 (22.6) | Â | 385 (31.2) |
Frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates in between meals | ||||
Yes | 634 (83.9) | 122 (16.1) | <Â 0.0001* | 756 (62.4) |
No | 324 (71.1) | 132 (28.9) | Â | 456 (37.6) |
Visit to the dentist within the last 12 months | ||||
Yes | 11 (78.6) | 3 (21.4) | 1.00 | 14 (1.1) |
No | 963 (78.9) | 257 (21.1) | Â | 1220 (98.9) |
Toothbrushing twice daily | ||||
Yes | 73 (73.0) | 27 (27.0) | 0.13 | 100 (8.1) |
No | 901 (79.5) | 233 (20.5) | Â | 1134 (91.9) |
Regular use of fluoridated toothpaste | ||||
Yes | 948 (84.3) | 176 (15.7) | <Â 0.0001* | 1124 (91.1) |
No | 26 (23.6) | 84 (76.4) | Â | 110 (8.9) |
Plaque index score | ||||
Mean (SD) | 0.80 (0.57) | 0.91 (0.54) | 0.003* | 0.82 (0.57) |
Intake of alcohol | ||||
Yes | 105 (70.9) | 43 (29.1) | 0.01* | 148 (12.0) |
No | 869 (80.0) | 217 (20.0) | Â | 1086 (88.0) |
Use of psychoactive substances | ||||
Yes | 56 (77.8) | 16 (22.2) | 0.81 | 72 (5.8) |
No | 918 (79.0) | 244 (21.0) | Â | 1162 (94.2) |
Cigarette smoking | ||||
Yes | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | 0.15 | 17 (1.4) |
No | 963 (79.1) | 254 (20.9) | Â | 1217 (98.6) |
Dental anxiety | ||||
Normal | 303 (83.2) | 61 (16.8) | 0.002* | 364 (29.5) |
Moderate | 357 (81.1) | 83 (18.9) | Â | 440 (35.7) |
High | 116 (73.9) | 41 (26.1) | Â | 157 (12.7) |
Severe | 198 (72.5) | 75 (27.5) | Â | 273 (22.1) |