Table 3 Associations between the presence of caries experience and sociodemographic background, oral and mental health risk indicators in adolescents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria [N = 1234]

Age

1.23

(1.09, 1.38)*

–

–

–

1.15

(1.02, 1.30)*

Sex at birth

Male

1.16

(0.65, 2.08)

–

–

–

1.11

(0.61, 2.03)

Female

1.00

–

–

–

1.00

Socioeconomic status

High

0.52

(0.25, 1.07)

–

–

–

0.51

(0.24, 1.07)

Middle

0.75

(0.38, 1.46)

–

–

–

0.69

(0.35, 1.37)

Low

1.00

–

–

–

1.00

Frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals

Yes

–

0.91

(0.50, 1.65)

–

–

0.94

(0.50, 1.76)

No

–

1.00

–

–

1.00

Plaque Index score

0.82

(0.48, 1.39)

–

0.78

(0.45, 1.34)

Dental anxiety

Normal

–

1.00

–

–

1.00

Moderate

–

0.67

(0.35, 1.28)

–

–

0.66

(0.34, 1.27)

High

–

0.41

(0.14, 1.22)

–

–

0.40

(0.13, 1.21)

Severe

–

0.39

(0.16, 0.94)*

–

–

0.43

(0.18, 1.06)

Intake of alcohol

Yes

–

–

0.88

(0.38, 2.06)

–

–

No

–

–

1.00

–

–

Use of psychoactive substances

Yes

–

–

3.70

(1.49, 9.15)*

–

2.67

(1.14, 6.26)*

No

–

–

1.00

–

1.00

Cigarette smoking

Yes

–

–

1.11

(0.22, 5.59)

–

0.99

(0.20, 4.99)

No

–

–

1.00

–

1.00

Risk for mental health problems

Low

–

–

–

1.00

1.00

High

–

–

–

1.90

(1.04, 3.45)*

1.84

(0.97, 3.49)

Nagelkerke’s R2

0.04

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.07

− 2LL

422.38

425.58

420.94

432.23

400.34