Table 1 Characteristics of study participants between the healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis groups

Age

24.68 ± 3.52

26.32 ± 4.02

42.58 ± 3.39 ** ##

Gender (M/F)

12/13

11/13

17/14

Tooth

27.7 ± 1.1

27.6 ± 1.2

27.5 ± 0.9

Plaque index (PI)

0.22 ± 0.28

0.76 ± 0.58 *

1.32 ± 0.76 *, #

Bleeding on probing (BOP, %)

1.1 ± 1.8

25.8 ± 9.7 **

65.1 ± 17.1 ** ##

Probing depth (PD, mm)

2.62 ± 0.45

2.95 ± 0.29 **

4.74 ± 0.64 ** ##

Clinical attachment loss (CAL, mm)

0

0

4.93 ± 0.52 ** ##

Unstimulated salivary flow rates (ml/min)

0.58 ± 0.19

0.54 ± 0.15

0.56 ± 0.14

IL-1β (pg/ml)

92.2 ± 31.9

128.6 ± 33.5 **

162.2 ± 55.9 ** #

MMP-8 (ng/ml)

435.8 ± 180.6

603.2 ± 220.7 *

657.1 ± 279.8 **

ICTP (pg/ml)

528.8 ± 141.1

598.0 ± 203.2

789.7 ± 246.8 ** ##

Pg (Ct value)

13.78 ± 1.23

14.52 ± 1.01 *

15.20 ± 1.07 ** #