Fig. 2
From: Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens
Stimulation of cytokine production from human gingival fibroblasts. IL-6 (a) and IL-8 (b) release by primary human gingival fibroblasts induced by 8-h co-incubation with P. gingivalis (PG); A. actinomycetemcomitans (AA); F. nucleatum (FN); S. salivarius K12 (K12); or S. salivarius M18 (M18). Samples were analysed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test as compared to control (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to control). Error bars represent ± standard error of the mean