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Table 1 Demographic characteristics (N = 690,298)

From: Examination of orthodontic expenditures and trends in the United States from 1996 to 2016: disparities across demographics and insurance payers

Variable

Entire sample

Individuals reporting no expenditure

Individuals reporting expenditure > 0

Age in year, mean ± SD (range)

34.5 ± 22.4 (0–90)

34.7 ± 22.4 (0–90)

20.0 ± 14.4 (0–88)

Person’s total income in $, mean ± SD (range)

26,070 ± 30,556 (− 275,219–731,653)

26,226 ± 30,565 (− 275,219–731,653)

15,360 ± 27,911 (− 26,527, 437,861)

Sex, n (%)

 Male

329,689 (47.8%)

324,443 (47.9%)

5246 (40.9%)

 Female

360,609 (52.2%)

353,043 (52.1%)

7566 (59.1%)

Marital status, n (%)

 Married

257,494 (37.3%)

255,906 (37.8%)

1588 (12.4%)

 Widowed

33,302 (4.8%)

33,171 (4.9%)

131 (1.0%)

 Divorced

53,923 (7.8%)

53,583 (7.9%)

340 (2.7%)

 Separated

13,404 (1.9%)

13,333 (2.0%)

71 (0.6%)

 Never married

155,357 (22.5%)

151,883 (22.4%)

3474 (27.1%)

Under 18 years old—N/A

176,283 (25.6%)

169,077 (25.0%)

7206 (56.2%)

  1. Negative income is possible because MEPS allows reporting of negative income