Comparison of the efficacy of laser-activated and ultrasonic-activated techniques for the removal of tricalcium silicate-based sealers and gutta-percha in root canal retreatment: a microtomography and scanning electron microscopy study

Table 3 Median, maximum and minimum SEM scores for cleanliness of the canal walls in each third after each final irrigation-activation technique

Groups	CSI	PUI	PIPS
Groups	Median (Minimum-Maximum)
Coronal	1 (0–2)^a1	1 (0–1)^a1	0 (0–2)^a1
Middle	2 (0–2)^a1	1 (0–2)^a2	1 (0–2)^ab3
Apical	3 (2–3)^c1	2 (1–3)^b2	1 (0–3)^b3

ab Ranking: statistically significant differences among the coronal, middle, and apical thirds within each group (p < 0.05)
123 Ranking: statistically significant difference among groups (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1472-6831