Table 2 Association between socio-demographic, knowledge, behavior factors and gingivitis prevalence according to univariate logistic regression analysis
Variables | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||
Age (year) | 0.002 | |
12 | Ref. | |
13 | 1.040 (0.902, 1.198) | 0.591 |
14 | 1.315 (1.145, 1.510) | < 0.001 |
15 | 1.160 (1.009, 1.335) | 0.037 |
Gender | ||
Male | Ref. | |
Female | 0.898 (0.813, 0.991) | 0.032 |
Area | ||
Urban | Ref. | |
Rural | 0.950 (0.862, 1.048) | 0.309 |
Only child | ||
No | Ref. | |
Yes | 0.899 (0.801, 1.008) | 0.068 |
Father’s Education level | 0.248 | |
≤ 9 years | Ref. | |
10–12 years | 0.934 (0.820, 1.064) | 0.306 |
≥ 13 years | 0.929 (0.786, 1.096) | 0.382 |
Unclear | 0.979 (0.845. 1.134) | 0.776 |
Mother’s Education level | 0.095 | |
≤ 9 years | Ref. | |
10–12 years | 0.939 (0.812, 1.085) | 0.392 |
≥ 13 years | 0.868 (0.725, 1.039) | 0.123 |
Unclear | 0.985 (0.851, 1.140) | 0.839 |
Oral health knowledge | ||
Bleeding from brushing is normal | ||
Incorrect answer | Ref. | |
Correct answer | 0.892 (0.802, 0.992) | 0.035 |
Bacteria can cause gingivitis | ||
Incorrect answer | Ref. | |
Correct answer | 1.036 (0.931, 1.154) | 0.513 |
Brushing does not prevent gingivitis | ||
Incorrect answer | Ref. | |
Correct answer | 1.090 (0.978, 1.215) | 0.119 |
Oral diseases may affect general health | ||
Incorrect answer | Ref. | |
Correct answer | 1.004 (0.909, 1.109) | 0.932 |
Oral health behaviours | ||
Daily frequency of tooth brushing | ||
< 2 times/day | Ref. | |
≥ 2 times/day | 0.908 (0.823, 1.002) | 0.056 |
Dental floss | ||
Non daily | Ref. | |
Daily | 0.868 (0.737, 1.022) | 0.089 |
Smoking | ||
No | Ref. | |
Yes | 1.190 (0.966, 1.466) | 0.102 |
Regular annual dental check-ups | ||
No | Ref. | |
Yes | 0.888 (0.790, 1.000) | 0.049 |
Eating sugar and sweet food | ||
Once a day or less | Ref. | |
More than once a day | 0.913 (0.827, 1.008) | 0.072 |
DMFT | 0.712 | |
0 | Ref. | |
0–1 | 1.038 (0.905, 1.191) | 0.593 |
≥ 1 | 0.975 (0.872, 1.090) | 0.652 |
Calculus level* | < 0.001 | |
≤ 10% | Ref. | |
> 10% and ≤ 30% | 5.187 (4.623, 5.819) | < 0.001 |
> 30% | 13.464 (10.798, 16.788) | < 0.001 |