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Table 2 Adjusted Odds ratios of self-reported oral health associated with types 2 diabetes treatment use (N = 60,590 women), the E3N study

From: Type 2 diabetes and its characteristics are associated with poor oral health: findings from 60,590 senior women from the E3N study

Oral health characteristics

Number (%)

Modela

Modelb

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Oral health perception

Good

Average

    

Women without type 2 diabetes

32,932 (95.71)

21,879 (94.94)

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

Women with type 2 diabetes

      

 No pharmacological treatment

702 (2.04)

541 (2.35)

1.16

1.04–1.30

1.06

0.95–1.19

 Oral antidiabetic (OAD)

665 (1.93)

525 (2.28)

1.19

1.06–1.33

1.07

0.95–1.20

 Insulin

57 (0.17)

59 (0.26)

1.56

1.08–2.24

1.47

1.02–2.12

 OAD and insulin

56 (0.16)

42 (0.18)

1.13

0.76–1.69

1.00

0.66–1.48

 

Good

Poor

    

Women without type 2 diabetes

32,932 (95.71)

2922 (93.12)

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

Women with type 2 diabetes

      

 No pharmacological treatment

702 (2.04)

100 (3.19)

1.61

1.30–1.99

1.34

1.08–1.67

 OAD

665 (1.93)

89 (2.84)

1.51

1.21–1.89

1.24

0.99–1.57

 Insulin

57 (0.17)

13 (0.41)

2.57

1.41–4.70

2.33

1.27–4.29

 OAD and insulin

56 (0.16)

15 (0.48)

3.03

1.71–5.36

2.47

1.38–4.42

Dental prosthesis

No

Yes

    

Women without type 2 diabetes

49,107 (95.67)

8626 (93)

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

Women with type 2 diabetes

      

 No pharmacological treatment

1048 (2.04)

295 (3.20)

1.60

1.41–1.83

1.26

1.10–1.45

 OAD

1000 (1.95)

279 (3.00)

1.59

1.39–1.82

1.21

1.05–1.40

 Insulin

105 (0.20)

24 (0.30)

1.30

0.84–2.03

1.11

0.70–1.75

 OAD and insulin

76 (0.15)

37 (0.40)

2.77

1.87–4.11

2.05

1.36–3.09

Problems of biting and chewing

No

Yes

    

Women without type 2 diabetes

51,011 (95.47)

6722 (93.88)

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

Women with type 2 diabetes

      

 No pharmacological treatment

1132 (2.12)

211 (2.95)

1.42

1.22–1.64

1.24

1.06–1.44

 OAD

1089 (2.04)

190 (2.65)

1.32

1.13–1.55

1.14

0.97–1.34

 Insulin

110 (0.21)

19 (0.27)

1.31

0.81–2.14

1.21

0.74–1.99

 OAD and insulin

95 (0.18)

18 (0.25)

1.44

0.87–2.38

1.23

0.74–2.06

Dental abscess

No

Yes

    

Women without type 2 diabetes

54,208 (95.28)

3525 (95.35)

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

Women with type 2 diabetes

      

 No pharmacological treatment

1263 (2.22)

80 (2.16)

0.97

0.78–1.22

0.94

0.75–1.19

 OAD

1208 (2.12)

71 (1.92)

0.90

0.71–1.15

0.89

0.69–1.14

 Insulin

116 (0.20)

13 (0.35)

1.72

0.97–3.06

1.72

0.96–3.06

 OAD and insulin

105 (0.18)

8 (0.22)

1.17

0.57–2.41

1.40

0.55–2.36

Tooth loss

No

Yes

    

Women without type 2 diabetes

46,950 (95.29)

10,783 (95.28)

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

Women with type 2 diabetes

      

 No pharmacological treatment

1081 (2.19)

262 (2.32)

1.06

0.92–1.21

1.11

0.96–1.27

 OAD

1063 (2.16)

216 (1.91)

0.89

0.76–1.03

0.97

0.83–1.13

 Insulin

102 (0.21)

27 (0.24)

1.15

0.75–1.76

1.14

0.74–1.75

 OAD and insulin

83 (0.17)

30 (0.27)

1.58

1.04–2.39

1.80

1.18–2.75

Periodontitis

No

Yes

    

Women without type 2 diabetes

53,040 (95.21)

4693 (96.13)

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

Women with type 2 diabetes

      

 No pharmacological treatment

1260 (2.26)

83 (1.70)

0.75

0.60–0.93

0.84

0.67–1.06

 OAD

1189 (2.13)

90 (1.84)

0.86

0.69–1.06

1.05

0.84–1.31

 Insulin

120 (0.22)

9 (0.18)

0.85

0.43–1.67

0.89

0.45–1.76

 OAD and insulin

105 (0.19)

8 (0.16)

0.86

0.42–1.77

1.13

0.55–2.34

Gingivitis

No

Yes

    

Women without type 2 diabetes

49,660 (95.26)

8073 (95.46)

1.00

Reference

1.00

Reference

Women with type 2 diabetes

      

 No pharmacological treatment

1150 (2.21)

193 (2.28)

1.03

0.89–1.21

1.10

0.94–1.29

 OAD

1124 (2.16)

155 (1.83)

0.85

0.72–1.01

0.94

0.79–1.12

 Insulin

106 (0.20)

23 (0.27)

1.34

0.85–2.10

1.42

0.90–2.23

 OAD and insulin

99 (0.19)

14 (0.17)

0.87

0.50–1.52

0.99

0.56–1.75

  1. Data in bold indicate statistically significant associations
  2. CI, Confidence interval; OR, Odds ratios; OAD, Oral antidiabetic treatment
  3. aModel 1: unadjusted
  4. bModel 2: adjusted for age at wave 10, educational level, smoking status, physical activity, family history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, body mass index, dietary inflammatory index, daily brushing frequency and annual frequency of visits to the dentist
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BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

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