Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cone beam computed tomography in children

BMC Oral Health

Table 4 Mean percentage of cells with genotoxic changes (micronucleus) and cytotoxic changes (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) among males and females

Cellular alterations	Baseline				10 days			1 month
Cellular alterations	Mean ± SD		Median	p-value^a	Mean ± SD	Median	p-value^a	Mean ± SD	Median	p-value^a
Micronucleus	F	0.2 ± 0.3	0.1	0.74	2.8 ± 2.3	1.8	0.18	0.1 ± 0.2	0.1	0.47
Micronucleus	M	0.3 ± 0.3	0.2	0.74	1.5 ± 2.2	0.5	0.18	0.1 ± 0.1	0.1	0.47
Condensed chromatin	F	1.00 ± 0.8	0.9	0.42	1.5 ± 0.8	1.6	0.53	1 ± 0.7	0.8	0.56
Condensed chromatin	M	0.7 ± 0.6	0.8	0.42	1.3 ± 1.0	1.2	0.53	1.1 ± 0.6	1.2	0.56
Karyorrhexis	F	0.1 ± 0.1	0.0	0.87	0.1 ± 0.2	0.0	0.42	0.1 ± 0.1	0.0	0.31
Karyorrhexis	M	0.1 ± 0.1	0.0	0.87	0.2 ± 0.2	0.2	0.42	0.2 ± 0.3	0.1	0.31
Pyknosis	F	8.3 ± 3.9	9.2	0.59	13.6 ± 7.1	12.9	0.10	9.2 ± 5.1	10.2	0.53
Pyknosis	M	11.9 ± 10.8	9.9	0.59	23.6 ± 11.9	26.6	0.10	10.4 ± 10.7	7.7	0.53
Karyolysis	F	0.3 ± 0.4	0.3	0.10	1.2 ± 1.5	0.6	0.16	1.1 ± 0.9	0.9	0.60
Karyolysis	M	0.6 ± 0.4	0.5	0.10	2.3 ± 1.6	2.5	0.16	1.4 ± 0.9	1.3	0.60

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