Table 1 Comparison of socio-demographic, health and oral health factors between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people
From: Predictors of self-rated oral health in Canadian Indigenous adults
Variables | Indigenous people n = 943 | Non-Indigenous people n = 20,011 | Significance p < .0016 |
|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | |||
Age | |||
18–34 | 288 (30.5) | 4420 (22.1) | p < .001 |
35–64 | 540 (57.3) | 10,160 (50.8) | |
65+ | 115 (12.2) | 5431 (27.1) | |
Sex | |||
Male | 398 (42.2) | 8903 (44.5) | p = .168 |
Female | 545 (57.8) | 11,108 (55.5) | |
Marital status | |||
Partner (married or common law) | 433 (46.2) | 11,022 (55.2) | p < .001 |
No partner (divorced, widowed or single) | 504 (53.8) | 8949 (44.8) | |
Education | |||
Secondary graduation or less | 302 (33.1) | 4685 (24) | p < .001 |
Post-secondary education | 611 (66.9) | 14,813 (76) | |
Income | |||
Less than $40,000 | 339 (36.1) | 4226 (21.1) | p < .001 |
$40,000 or more | 599 (63.9) | 15,774 (78.9) | |
Employment status | |||
Employed | 565 (59.9) | 11,730 (58.6) | p = .436 |
Unemployed | 378 (40.1) | 8274 (41.4) | |
Health-related factors | |||
Perceived general health | |||
Good | 749 (79.6) | 17,470 (87.4) | p < .001 |
Poor | 192 (20.4) | 2523 (12.6) | |
Perceived mental health | |||
Good | 816 (86.6) | 18,234 (91.3) | p < .001 |
Poor | 126 (13.4) | 1742 (8.7) | |
Anxiety disorder | |||
Yes | 191 (20.3) | 2269 (11.4) | p < .001 |
No | 750 (79.7) | 17,712 (88.6) | |
Arthritis | |||
Yes | 251 (26.6) | 5280 (26.5) | p = .896 |
No | 691 (73.4) | 14,680 (73.5) | |
Asthma | |||
Yes | 131 (14) | 1890 (9.5) | p < .001 |
No | 808 (86) | 18,102 (90.5) | |
Diabetes | |||
Yes | 118 (12.5) | 1735 (8.7) | p < .001 |
No | 823 (87.5) | 18,263 (91.3) | |
Effects of stroke | |||
Yes | 19 (2) | 267 (1.3) | p = .077 |
No | 922 (98) | 19,730 (98.7) | |
Heart disease | |||
Yes | 58 (6.2) | 1201 (6) | p = .848 |
No | 881 (93.8) | 18,734 (94) | |
High blood pressure | |||
Yes | 216 (23) | 4364 (21.9) | p = .411 |
No | 723 (77) | 15,593 (78.1) | |
Mood disorder | |||
Yes | 195 (20.8) | 2371 (11.9) | p < .001 |
No | 744 (79.2) | 17,617 (88.1) | |
Oral health | |||
Dental Insurance Coverage | |||
Yes | 685 (73.1) | 13,131 (65.9) | p < .001 |
No | 252 (26.9) | 6808 (34.1) | |
Employer Insurance | |||
Yes | 440 (47.1) | 11,120 (55.9) | p < .001 |
No | 494 (52.9) | 8765 (44.1) | |
Non-Insured health benefits | |||
Yes | 159 (17) | 4 (0) | p < .001 |
No | 775 (83) | 19,881 (100) | |
Social service insurance | |||
Yes | 90 (9.6) | 798 (4) | p < .001 |
No | 844 (90.4) | 19,087 (96) | |
Dental visit for check-ups | |||
Yes | 676 (72.1) | 15,690 (78.9) | p < .001 |
No | 261 (27.9) | 4189 (21.1) | |
Dental visit for emergency | |||
Yes | 161 (17.1) | 2281 (11.4) | p < .001 |
No | 780 (82.9) | 17,696 (88.6) | |
Uncomfortable to eat foods | |||
Yes | 209 (22.2) | 3092 (15.5) | p < .001 |
No | 734 (77.8) | 16,919 (84.5) | |
Avoid particular foods | |||
Yes | 165 (17.5) | 2184 (10.9) | p < .001 |
No | 778 (82.5) | 17,827 (89.1) | |
Persistent pain | |||
Yes | 168 (17.8) | 2328 (11.6) | p < .001 |
No | 775 (82.2) | 17,683 (88.4) | |
Bleeding gums | |||
Yes | 278 (29.5) | 4351 (21.7) | p < .001 |
No | 665 (70.5) | 15,660 (78.3) | |
Bad breath | |||
Yes | 189 (20) | 2795 (14) | p < .001 |
No | 754 (80) | 17,216 (86) | |
Lifestyle behaviours | |||
Smoking Status | |||
Smoker | 316 (33.5) | 3692 (18.5) | p < 0.001 |
Non-smoker | 627 (66.5) | 16,312 (81.5) | |
Alcohol consumption | |||
Drinker | 762 (81.2) | 16,798 (84.2) | p = .012 |
Non-drinker | 177 (18.8) | 3148 (15.8) | |
Transportation | |||
Driving last year | |||
Yes | 743 (78.8) | 17,784 (88.9) | p < .001 |
No | 200 (21.2) | 2224 (11.1) | |
Outcome | |||
Self-rated oral health | |||
Good | 769 (81.5) | 17,702 (88.5) | p < .001 |
Poor | 174 (18.5) | 2309 (11.5) | |