Table 4 Risk of bias for non randomized trials
Authors | Confounding bias | Selection of participants bias | Measurement of interventions bias | Departures from intended interventions bias | Missing data bias | Measurements of outcomes bias | Selection of the reported results Bias | overall bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hansson and Rindler [27] | Serious | Low | Serious | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Serious |
Mummolo et al. [10] | Serious | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Bollero et al. [22] | Serious | Serious | Serious | Low | Serious | Moderate | Low | Serious |
Caprioglio et al. [23] | Serious | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Evren et al. [24] | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Low | Serious | Serious | Low | Serious |
Zasciurinskiene et al. [25] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Crescini et al. [26] | Serious | Low | Serious | Low | Low | Serious | Low | Serious |
Zafarmand and Gholami [20] | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Szarmach et al. [21] | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Serious | Serious | Low | Serious |