Fig. 1

Segmentation and binarization of micro-CT image for a tooth sample. The reconstructed micro-CT image, produced with an X-ray scan, was an 8-bit grayscale image with a resolution of 1600 × 900, and the pixel size of the micro-CT images was 5.9 μm. In case of 8-bit grayscale images, their values range from 0 to 255 (total of 256 values), and the pixel value was determined based on the relative density of components. The region in black represents voids, while the area in bright color can be considered as the cement material inside the tooth