Dental anxiety and potentially traumatic events: a cross-sectional study based on the Tromsø Study—Tromsø 7

BMC Oral Health

Table 5 Hierarchical regression with the MDAS as the dependent variable

	B	SE B^I	β	Sig.ⁱ	CI 95%^I
	B	SE B^I	β	Sig.ⁱ	Lower	Upper
Step 1
Constant	9.58	0.07		< 0.01	9.45	9.72
Sex	− 1.08	0.05	− 0.14	< 0.01	− 1.18	− 0.97
Age	− 0.36	0.01	0.20	< 0.01	− 0.38	− 0.34
Step 2
Constant	11.38	0.14		< 0.01	11.10	11.67
^aOral health	− 0.67	0.03	− 0.16	< 0.01	− 0.73	− 0.61
^bAvoidance	1.91	0.12	0.15	< 0.01	1.67	2.15
^cPain dentist	2.55	0.07	0.30	< 0.01	2.4	2.67
Step 3
Constant	11.20	0.15		< 0.01	10.91	11.49
^dNeglect	0.23	0.11	0.02	0.04^II	0.01	0.45
^eViolence	0.01	0.08	0.00	0.88	− 0.15	0.17
^fSexual abuse	0.38	0.10	0.03	< 0.01	0.19	0.58
^gBullying	0.09	0.07	0.01	0.22	− 0.05	0.22
^hWitness	0.09	0.10	0.01	0.39	− 0.12	0.28
ⁱHospital pain	0.21	0.09	0.02	0.03^II	0.04	0.41
Step 4
Constant	9.36	0.18		< 0.01	8.98	9.73
^jHSCL-10	1.25	0.09	0.13	< 0.01	1.09	1.42

^IConfidence intervals (CI) and standard errors (SE) are based on 1000 bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap samples
^IILost their significant contribution in the last model (see figure on mediation)
^aSelf-reported oral health (Likert format)
^bAvoidance: 0 = goes regularly to the dentist, 1 = never goes or only for acute dental pain
^cReceived painful or terrifying medical treatment at the dentist
^dFailure of care in childhood, i.e. not having received the necessities of food, clothing, protection and care/love from parents/caregivers
^eBeen exposed to violence (for example, hit, kicked, beaten, robbed or threatened with a firearm)
^fBeen exposed to sexual abuse, i.e. sexual actions against your will
^gBeen called negative things, marginalised, threatened or bullied by schoolmates, fellow students or coworkers over a long period of time
^hWitnessed someone close to you being exposed to violence or sexual abuse
ⁱReceived painful medical treatment when hospitalised due to sickness or serious injury
^jHopkins Symptom Checklist: current mental health symptoms

ISSN: 1472-6831