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Table 2 Quantitative synthesis of the included studies

From: Added effect of 1% topical alendronate in intra-bony and inter-radicular defects as part of step II periodontal therapy: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

 

Parameter

Time interval

Placebo

Alendronate

AV

p value

Ipshita et al. [19]

mSBIa

Baseline

2.03 ± 0.61

2.10 ± 0.66

2.06 ± 0.73

0.92

6 months

1.23 ± 0.62

0.70 ± 0.65

0.66 ± 0.60

0.001

12 months

0.90 ± 0.71

0.50 ± 0.50

0.40 ± 0.49

0.003

PI

Baseline

2.03 ± 0.40

1.99 ± 0.37

2.01 ± 0.30

0.89

6 months

0.78 ± 0.10

0.76 ± 0.10

0.77 ± 0.09

0.60

12 months

0.57 ± 0.09

0.54 ± 0.11

0.55 ± 0.13

0.71

PD

Baseline

7.06 ± 1.04

7.03 ± 1.12

7.06 ± 1.32

0.99

6 months

5.53 ± 0.81

4.03 ± 0.55

5.00 ± 0.83

< 0.001

12 months

5.20 ± 0.66

2.93 ± 0.78

4.63 ± 0.71

< 0.001

RVCAL (mm)a

Baseline

6.23 ± 1.13

6.13 ± 1.00

6.30 ± 0.79

0.80

6 months

5.06 ± 0.78

3.63 ± 1.10

4.26 ± 0.82

< 0.001

12 months

4.76 ± 0.72

2.36 ± 0.71

3.76 ± 1.35

< 0.001

RHCAL (mm)a

Baseline

6.06 ± 1.08

5.91 ± 0.92

6.16 ± 0.92

0.56

6 months

5.03 ± 0.71

3.56 ± 1.07

4.20 ± 1.20

< 0.001

12 months

4.60 ± 0.62

2.20 ± 0.61

3.93 ± 1.48

< 0.001

Bone defect depth (mm)a

Baseline

5.21 ± 0.33

5.22 ± 0.63

5.49 ± 0.78

0.14

6 months

5.09 ± 0.37

3.21 ± 0.46

4.73 ± 0.42

< 0.001

12 months

5.02 ± 0.36

2.86 ± 0.32

4.53 ± 0.90

< 0.001

 

Parameters

Baseline

 

3 months

 

6 months

 

Dutra et al. [21]

PPD (mm)

 ALN

6.4 ± 1.4

4.3 ± 1.6

4.3 ± 1.6

 Placebo

6.2 ± 1.6

4.4 ± 1.8

4.4 ± 1.7

 P value

0.468

0.239

0.127

CAL (mm)

 ALN

6.9 ± 1.2

4.3 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 0.7

 Placebo

6.7 ± 1.1

5.1 ± 0.9

4.3 ± 0.7

 p value

0.356

0.010

0.021

  

Baseline (mm)

6 months (mm)

 

p value

 
 

CBCT based measurements of bone fill according to the treatment groups over time

ALN

4.5 ± 1.8

3.8 ± 2.0

0.003

Placebo

5.1 ± 2.2

4.9 ± 2.0

0.099

 

Parameters

Visits

ALN

Placebo

p value

Sharma et al. [22]

Probing depth

Baseline

7.84 ± 2.04

7.62 ± 1.97

0.645

2 month

5.05 ± 1.78

6.38 ± 1.84

< 0.002

6 month

3.68 ± 1.93

5.57 ± 1.88

< 0.001*

Periodontal attachment level

Baseline

6.43 ± 1.77

6.19 ± 1.54

0.531

2 month

4.05 ± 1.94

5.22 ± 1.73

< 0.008*

6 month

2.49 ± 1.53

4.41 ± 1.83

< 0.001*

Intrabony defect depth

Baseline

5.18 ± 1.00

5.10 ± 0.95

0.727

6 month

3.07 ± 0.94

4.97 ± 0.95

< 0.001*

  

Baseline

3 months

6 months

12 months

ALN

Placebo

ALN

Placebo

ALN

Placebo

ALN

Placebo

Pradeep et al. [20]

Full mouth PI

1.73 ± 0.31

1.80 ± 0.46

0.91 ± 0.27

1.00 ± 0.28

0.20 ± 0.40

0.52 ± 0.24

0.45 ± 0.19

0.55 ± 0.25

p value

0.217

0.251

0.369

0.047*

GI (mSBI)

2.54 ± 0.17

2.53 ± 0.16

1.01 ± 0.41

1.15 ± 0.44

0.79 ± 0.12

0.88 ± 0.29

0.85 ± 0.17

0.90 ± 0.21

p value

0.751

0.165

0.059

0.132

 

Parameters

Visit

ALN group

Placebo group

p value

 

Clinical and radiographical parameters

PD (mm)

Baseline

6.93 ± 0.69

6.77 ± 0.82

0.407

3 months

4.43 ± 0.73

5.53 ± 0.73

< 0.001†

6 months

3.10 ± 0.71

5.17 ± 0.79

< 0.001

12 months

3.14 ± 0.71

5.39 ± 0.74

< 0.001

RVCAL

Baseline

7.30 ± 0.79

7.27 ± 0.78

0.846

3 months

5.07 ± 0.64

6.33 ± 0.66

< 0.001

6 months

4.07 ± 0.64

6.03 ± 0.76

< 0.001

12 months

4.07 ± 0.66

6.14 ± 0.89

< 0.001

RHCAL

Baseline

8.07 ± 0.64

8.03 ± 0.81

0.994

3 months

6.10 ± 0.66

7.17 ± 0.79

< 0.001

6 months

5.03 ± 0.56

6.97 ± 0.76

< 0.001

12 months

5.00 ± 0.54

7.03 ± 0.79

< 0.001

BD depth

Baseline

3.94 ± 0.24

3.94 ± 0.25

0.828

6 months

2.67 ± 0.26

3.83 ± 0.25

< 0.001

12 months

2.64 ± 0.23

3.84 ± 0.24

< 0.001

  

Visits

ALN

Placebo

T value

p value

Sharma and Pradeep [23]

PD

Baseline

7.85 ± 2.20

7.69 ± 2.22

0.06

0.008

2 months

6.04 ± 1.99

6.96 ± 2.10

2.63

0.111

6 months

3.96 ± 1.28

6.04 ± 1.68

25.05

< 0.001

CAL

Baseline

6.12 ± 1.77

5.96 ± 1.88

0.09

0.763

2 months

4.46 ± 2.43

5.19 ± 2.29

1.23

0.271

6 months

2.85 ± 1.82

4.54 ± 2.12

9.50

0.003

IBD Depth

Baseline

5.45 ± 1.18

5.48 ± 0.92

0.006

0.937

6 months

2.95 ± 0.86

5.37 ± 0.90

97.08

< 0.001

Mean PD (mm)

2 months

1.81 ± 1.20

0.73 ± 1.58

7.60

0.008

6 months

3.88 ± 1.39

1.65 ± 1.35

34.21

< 0.001

Mean CAL (mm)

2 months

1.65 ± 1.09

0.77 ± 1.68

5.06

0.029

6 months

3.27 ± 1.11

1.42 ± 1.70

21.41

< 0.001

Mean IBD depth (mm)

6 months

2.50 ± 0.73

0.10 ± 0.06

273.12

< 0.001

Percentage of bone defect fill (%)

6 months

46.1 ± 9.48

2.0 ± 1.20

555.41

< 0.001

   

Alendronate group

Placebo group

t*

p

Sharma and Pradeep [24]

PD

Baseline

7.58 ± 2.13

7.24 ± 2.18

0.39

0.533

2 months

4.39 ± 1.45

5.88 ± 1.78

13.74

< 0.014

6 months

3.09 ± 1.82

5.09 ± 1.54

23.02

< 0.001

CAL

Baseline

6.06 ± 1.82

5.64 ± 1.72

0.95

0.333

2 months

3.61 ± 1.99

4.82 ± 1.91

6.33

< 0.001

6 months

2.03 ± 1.48

4.03 ± 2.02

20.91

< 0.001

IBD depth

Baseline

4.70 ± 1.00

4.71 ± 1.04

0.01

0.971

6 months

2.82 ± 0.87

4.60 ± 1.06

5.43

< 0.001

   

Alendronate group

Placebo group

t*

p

 

Change in PD, CAL, IBD, and Bone Fill in ALN and Placebo Groups from baseline to 2 and 6 months

PD (mm; mean—SD)

2 months

3.18 ± 1.28

1.36 ± 0.85

45.60

< 0.001

6 months

4.48 ± 1.27

2.15 ± 1.12

62.16

< 0.001

CAL (mm; mean–SD)

2 months

2.45 ± 0.75

0.82 ± 0.58

97.20

< 0.001

6 months

4.03 ± 0.84

1.61 ± 0.86

132.47

< 0.001

IBD depth (mm; mean–SD)

6 months

1.88 ± 0.58

0.10 ± 0.03

304.86

< 0.001

Bone-defect fill (%; mean–SD)

6 months

40.4 ± 11.71

2.5 ± 1.02

344.45

< 0.001

  

Placebo

ATV

ALN

p value

Pradeep et al. [25]

Probing depth, clinical attachment level, and intrabony defect depth in placebo, ATV, and ALN at different time intervals

PD

Baseline

6.76 ± 1.22

6.56 ± 1.38

6.96 ± 1.12

0–466

3 months

6.43 ± 1.22

5.50 ± 1.07

5.43 ± 0.89

< 0.0001*

6 months

5.70 ± 0.87

4.10 ± 0.84

3.40 ± 0.49

< 0.0001*

9 months

5.26 ± 0.63

3.03 ± 0.71

2.66 ± 054

< 0.0001*

CAL

Baseline

6.13 ± 1.13

6.13 ± 0.89

5.93 ± 0.94

0.671

3 months

5.96 ± 1.18

4.46 ± 0.73

4.86 ± 0.81

< 0.0001

6 months

4.96 ± 0.71

2.43 ± 0.50

3.6 ± 1.10

< 0.0001

9 months

4.63 ± 0.61

1.86 ± 0.43

2.43 ± 0.77

< 0.0001

IBD depth

Baseline

5.17 ± 0.35

5.46 ± 0.81

5.18 ± 0.65

0.145

6 months

5.07 ± 0.38

3.56 ± 0.54

3.05 ± 0.36

< 0.0001

9 months

5.04 ± 0.38

3.47 ± 0.70

2.79 ± 0.30

< 0.0001

   

Placebo

ATV

ALN

p value

 

PD

Baseline-3 months

0.33 ± 0.47

1.06 ± 0.63

1.53 ± 0.50

< 0.001

Baseline-6 months

1.06 ± 0.90

2.46 ± 0.97

3.56 ± 1.13

< 0.001

Baseline-9 months

1.50 ± 1.07

3.53 ± 1.27

4.30 ± 1.39

< 0.001

CAL

Baseline-3 months

0.16 ± 0.37

1.66 ± 0.60

1.06 ± 0.52

< 0.001

Baseline-6 months

1.16 ± 0.94

3.7 ± 0.91

2.33 ± 1.34

< 0.001

Baseline-9 months

1.50 ± 1.07

4.26 ± 1.08

3.50 ± 1.16

< 0.001

IBD depth

Baseline-6 months

0.09 ± 0.17

1.90 ± 0.44

2.12 ± 0.34

< 0.001

Baseline-9 months

0.12 ± 0.17

1.98 ± 0.72

2.38 ± 0.45

< 0.001

Radiographic DDR

Baseline-6 months

1.86 ± 3.56

34.61 ± 5.11

40.87 ± 2.73

< 0.001

Baseline-9 months

2.44 ± 3.48

35.92 ± 10.04

45.82 ± 3.83

< 0.001