Table 2 Change in HBM constructs in the test and control groups from baseline to 3-month follow-up after the intervention
Measures | Test | Control | Difference (95% CI for difference FL—BL) | Difference (95% CI for difference test—control) | ANCOVA test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BL (n = 56) | FL (n = 55) | BL (n = 56) | FL (n = 54) | ||||||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Test | Control | BL | FL | F (p value) | |
Perceived susceptibility | 6.0 (3.4) | 10.2 (1.5) | 5.3 (3.1) | 5.0 (2.9) | 4.2 (3.4–5.1)** | − 0.3 ([− 0.5]–[− 0.1])* | 0.7 (− 0.5–1.9) | 5.2 (4.3–6.1)** | 262.3 (< 0.001) |
Perceived severity | 24.8 (3.5) | 26.1 (2.9) | 23.6 (3.8) | 24.0 (3.7) | 1.3 (0.7–1.9)** | 0.4 (0.1–0.7)* | 1.2 (− 0.1–2.6) | 2.1 (0.9–3.3)* | 13.7 (< 0.001) |
Perceived benefits | 11.0 (1.4) | 11.5 (1.3) | 10.5 (1.7) | 10.4 (1.6) | 0.5 (0.2–0.7)* | − 0.1 (− 3.0–[− 0.0])* | 0.5 (− 0.1–1.1) | 1.1 (0.5–1.7)** | 24.4 (< 0.001) |
Perceived barriers | 15.4 (6.6) | 8.5 (5.2) | 16.2 (5.8) | 16.1 (5.9) | − 6.9 (− 8.2–[− 5.5])** | − 0.1 (− 3.0–[− 0.1]) | − 0.8 (− 3.1–1.5) | − 7.6 (− 9.6–[− 5.5])** | 137.1 (< 0.001) |
Self-efficacy | 6.9 (3.4) | 10.2 (1.6) | 7.7 (3.2) | 8.3 (2.8) | 3.3 (2.4–4.1)** | 0.5 (0.2–0.9)* | − 0.8 (− 2.0–0.4) | 1.9 (1.1–2.8)** | 53.0 (< 0.001) |
Cues to action | 7.7 (4.8) | 10.2 (2.6) | 7.3 (4.1) | 7.4 (4.0) | 2.5 (1.6–3.6)** | 0.1 (-0.0–0.2) | 0.4 (− 1.3–2.1) | 2.8 (1.6–4.1)** | 60.9 (< 0.001) |
Action (behavior) | 6.4 (2.7) | 11.4 (1.2) | 6.1 (2.7) | 6.7 (2.6) | 5.0 (4.2–5.8)** | 0.6 (0.4–0.8)** | 0.3 (− 0.7–1.3) | 4.7 (3.9–5.5)** | 226.4 (< 0.001) |