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Table 3 Descriptive statistics of skeletal variables according to intervention groups at different timepoints

From: Skeletal and alveolar changes in conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE): a prospective randomized clinical trial using low-dose CBCT

Variables

Timepoint

RPE (N = 17)

MARPE (N = 19)

P value

FZS (mm)

T1-T0

0.36 ± 0.52

0.05 ± 0.38

0.076

 

T2-T1

− 0.21 ± 0.62

0.10 ± 0.48

0.100

 

T2-T0

0.14 ± 0.52

0.15 ± 0.58

0.962

ZMS (mm)

T1-T0

1.04 ± 1.01†

1.49 ± 0.83†

0.157

 

T2-T1

− 0.14 ± 0.80

− 0.07 ± 0.61

0.697

 

T2-T0

0.89 ± 0.83†

1.41 ± 0.87†

0.080

PM-NW (mm)

T1-T0

2.18 ± 0.99†

2.66 ± 0.63†

0.098

 

T2-T1

− 0.63 ± 0.43††

− 0.47 ± 0.40††

0.285

 

T2-T0

1.55 ± 1.02†

2.19 ± 0.84†

0.045*

M-NW (mm)

T1-T0

1.95 ± 0.81†

2.88 ± 0.82†

0.002*

 

T2-T1

− 0.70 ± 1.26††

− 0.40 ± 0.34 ††

0.827

 

T2-T0

1.23 ± 1.66

2.48 ± 0.84††

0.003**

NPF (mm)

T1-T0

2.85 ± 1.95†

3.22 ± 1.20†

0.495

 

T2-T1

− 1.42 ± 1.28††

− 1.15 ± 1.42††

0.346

 

T2-T0

1.43 ± 1.50†

2.07 ± 1.37†

0.199

GPF(mm)

T1-T0

1.84 ± 1.31†

2.70 ± 1.18†

0.048*

 

T2-T1

0.31 ± 1.05

− 0.30 ± 0.75

0.639

 

T2-T0

1.52 ± 0.85†

2.40 ± 0.96†

0.008*

  1. Descriptive statistics represented as mean ± standard deviation
  2. †Indicate statistical significance with repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.016)
  3. †† Indicate statistical significance with Friedman’s analysis of variance by ranks (α = 0.05)
  4. *Indicate statistical significance with independent t-test at each time point (P < 0.05)
  5. **Indicate statistical significance with Mann–Whitney U test at each time point (P < 0.05)
  6. Abbreviations: RPE, rapid palatal expansion; MARPE, mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion; T0, before treatment; T1, immediately after expansion; T2, after a 3-month consolidation period