Skeletal and alveolar changes in conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and miniscrew-assisted RPE (MARPE): a prospective randomized clinical trial using low-dose CBCT

Table 5 Descriptive statistics of periodontal variables according to intervention groups at different timepoints

Variables	Timepoint	RPE (N = 17)	MARPE (N = 19)	P value
PM-BBPT (mm)	T1-T0	− 0.73 ± 0.36^†	− 0.45 ± 0.30^†	0.016*
	T2-T1	− 0.25 ± 0.47	0.01 ± 0.39	0.076
	T2-T0	− 0.96 ± 0.44^†	− 0.43 ± 0.38^†	< 0.001*
PM-PBPT (mm)	T1-T0	1.09 ± 0.89^††	0.64 ± 0.56^††	0.087
	T2-T1	0.05 ± 0.52	− 0.28 ± 0.58	0.083
	T2-T0	1.16 ± 0.62^††	0.35 ± 0.43^††	< 0.001**
M-BBPT (Mesial root) (mm)	T1-T0	-0.55 ± 0.39^††	− 0.57 ± 0.39^††	0.707
	T2-T1	− 0.38 ± 0.30^††	0.05 ± 0.32	< 0.001**
	T2-T0	− 0.91 ± 0.40^†	− 0.45 ± 0.56^†	0.007*
M-BBPT (Distal root) (mm)	T1-T0	− 0.60 ± 0.34^†	− 0.63 ± 0.36^†	0.824
	T2-T1	− 0.31 ± 0.35	0.03 ± 0.29	0.005**
	T2-T0	− 0.90 ± 039^†	− 0.54 ± 0.57^†	0.032*
M-PBPT (mm)	T1-T0	0.80 ± 0.61^††	0.63 ± 0.32^††	0.661
	T2-T1	0.32 ± 0.32	− 0.08 ± 0.38	0.001**
	T2-T0	1.10 ± 0.57^†	0.55 ± 0.30^†	0.001*

Descriptive statistics represented as mean ± standard deviation
^†Indicate statistical significance with repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.016)
^†† Indicate statistical significance with Friedman’s analysis of variance by ranks (α = 0.05)
*Indicate statistical significance with independent t-test at each time point (P < 0.05)
**Indicate statistical significance with Mann–Whitney U test at each time point (P < 0.05)
Abbreviations: RPE, rapid palatal expansion; MARPE, mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion; T0, before treatment; T1, immediately after expansion; T2, after a 3-month consolidation period

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