Skip to main content

Table 2 Horizontal logistic regression analysis for visiting the dentist in the past year

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services among adults in Saudi Arabia

 

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

p value

Predisposing factors

  

Gender

  

 Male

1.00 (ref)

–

 Female

1.13 [0.94, 1.35]

0.20

Age*

  

 18–24 years

1.00 (ref)

–

 25–34 years

1.10 [0.88, 1.39]

0.40

 35–44 years

1.42 [1.10, 1.83]

0.01

 45–54 years

1.27 [0.93, 1.74]

0.13

 55–64 years

1.39 [0.93, 2.07]

0.11

 65 + years

1.41 [0.87, 2.29]

0.16

Marital status

  

 Never married

1.00 (ref)

–

 Currently married

0.87 [0.71, 1.07]

0.18

 Divorced/separated

1.31 [0.90, 1.90]

0.15

 Widowed

0.96 [0.63, 1.46]

0.86

Nationality

  

 Saudi

1.00 (ref)

–

 Non-Saudi

0.62 [0.47, 0.83]

0.00

Education completed*

  

 No formal education

1.00 (ref)

–

 Less than secondary

1.18 [0.78, 1.80]

0.43

 Secondary

1.18 [0.78, 1.79]

0.42

 Diploma or formation

1.22 [0.75, 2.01]

0.42

 University

1.53 [1.00, 2.34]

0.05

 Postgraduate

1.64 [0.95, 2.85]

0.08

Employment status

  

 Not employed

1.00 (ref)

–

 Employed

0.82 [0.68, 0.99]

0.04

Enabling factors

  

Household income*

  

 Low income

1.00 (ref)

–

 Lower-middle income

1.07 [0.87, 1.32]

0.53

 Upper-middle income

1.11 [0.87, 1.43]

0.40

 High income

1.53 [1.18, 1.97]

0.00

Household Wealth index†*

  

 Lowest quintile

1.00 (ref)

–

 Second quintile

1.52 [1.22, 1.89]

0.00

 Middle quintile

1.40 [1.10, 1.77]

0.01

 Fourth quintile

1.25 [0.96, 1.64]

0.10

 Highest quintile

1.63 [1.23, 2.16]

0.00

Area-based socioeconomic class indicator*

  

 Deprived

1.00 (ref)

–

 Lower middle class

1.57 [0.29, 8.56]

0.60

 Upper middle class

0.98 [0.18, 5.21]

0.98

 Affluent

1.10 [0.21, 5.90]

0.91

Place of residence

  

 Urban

1.00 (ref)

–

 Rural

1.25 [0.94, 1.67]

0.12

Transportation (car ownership)

  

 No

1.00 (ref)

–

 Yes

1.16 [0.85, 1.58]

0.35

Eligibility for free governmental health care

  

 No

1.00 (ref)

–

 Yes

1.78 [1.29, 2.46]

0.00

Health insurance coverage

  

 No

1.00 (ref)

–

 Yes

1.50 [1.24, 1.82]

0.00

Need factors

  

Perceived need for dental treatment

  

 No

1.00 (ref)

–

 Yes

52.03 [40.83, 66.29]

0.00

  1. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals
  2. †Composite measure calculated using data about ownership of consumer material such television and cars, household characteristics such as building material, source of drinking water, toilet facilities and other characteristics relevant to wealth status
  3. *Data presented using test for linear trends
Back to article page

BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

Contact us